Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by ECMWF for the European Commission

C3S Climate Bulletin global surface air temperature (ERA5)

Monthly global-mean surface air temperature from the ERA5 reanalysis since January 1940, as published with each monthly C3S Climate Bulletin: the absolute value, the 1991–2020 monthly climatology, the anomaly from 1991–2020, the C3S offset between 1991–2020 and 1850–1900 (offset_pi, 0.80 to 0.96 °C depending on the month) and the anomaly from 1850–1900 (ano_pi). The offset is C3S's estimate from HadCRUT5, NOAAGlobalTemp and Berkeley Earth, because ERA5 starts in 1940; the site uses ano_pi as published and says so. The latest months come from preliminary ERA5 data.

Free to reuse with creditactiveFetched automatically

Numbers published from it

Global surface air temperature above 1850–1900, monthly (ERA5, C3S)

Licence and credit

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (ERA5, as licensed on the C3S Climate Data Store)
What the terms say: “"license":"CC-BY-4.0"”
From the producer's terms, checked 2026-10-04; re-checked automatically every week.
Credit we give: Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information {year}. Data source: ERA5 (Hersbach et al. 2023, doi:10.24381/cds.f17050d7), C3S Climate Bulletin. Credit: C3S/ECMWF.
Notice: Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
Copy of the raw file: Allowed: we keep a public copy of every version we use.
Cite as: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on {date_accessed})

Files

Global (0–360°E, 90°S–90°N) monthly ERA5 surface air temperature from January 1940: columns month, 2t, clim_91-20, ano_91-20, offset_pi, ano_pi, in °C, after a "#" header ending "Last updated: <date>". The URL changes every month and is found through discover (see header comment); data to August 2026 on 2026-10-04.
Downloaded by hand (no stable direct link).

Status

Programme: Published with each monthly Climate Bulletin; the August 2026 highlights appeared on 10 September 2026. EU Copernicus programme, implemented by ECMWF; not exposed to US federal cuts.
Updates: Monthly, with the C3S Climate Bulletin in the first two weeks of the following month
Last check: Unchanged since the last fetch (2026-10-05T11:02:21Z)
Independent sources measuring the same thing: HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature anomalies GISS Surface Temperature Analysis, version 4 (GISTEMP v4)NOAA Global Surface Temperature (NOAAGlobalTemp), version 6.1