Data
Global surface air temperature above 1850–1900, monthly (ERA5, C3S)
Global mean surface air temperature for each month since January 1940 from the ERA5 reanalysis, as the difference from the 1850–1900 level that C3S estimates for that calendar month. Published monthly with the Copernicus Climate Bulletin.
Latest value
1.65°C
Global mean (0–360° E, 90° S–90° N), August 2026. Version 2026-08.
Global surface air temperature above 1850–1900, monthly (ERA5, C3S) (degrees Celsius)
Global surface air temperature above 1850–1900, monthly (ERA5, C3S) (degrees Celsius)
Show as a table
| Period | Value (°C) | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1940-01 | 0.01 | final |
| 1940-02 | 0.10 | final |
| 1940-03 | 0.06 | final |
| 1940-04 | 0.30 | final |
| 1940-05 | 0.35 | final |
| 1940-06 | 0.16 | final |
| 1940-07 | 0.35 | final |
| 1940-08 | 0.30 | final |
| 1940-09 | 0.18 | final |
| 1940-10 | 0.04 | final |
| 1940-11 | 0.13 | final |
| 1940-12 | 0.33 | final |
| 1941-01 | 0.28 | final |
| 1941-02 | 0.42 | final |
| 1941-03 | 0.24 | final |
| 1941-04 | 0.10 | final |
| 1941-05 | 0.26 | final |
| 1941-06 | 0.34 | final |
| 1941-07 | 0.26 | final |
| 1941-08 | 0.33 | final |
| 1941-09 | −0.04 | final |
| 1941-10 | 0.34 | final |
| 1941-11 | 0.11 | final |
| 1941-12 | 0.24 | final |
| 1942-01 | 0.40 | final |
| 1942-02 | 0.16 | final |
| 1942-03 | 0.24 | final |
| 1942-04 | 0.11 | final |
| 1942-05 | 0.26 | final |
| 1942-06 | 0.15 | final |
| 1942-07 | 0.08 | final |
| 1942-08 | 0.05 | final |
| 1942-09 | 0.07 | final |
| 1942-10 | 0.13 | final |
| 1942-11 | 0.02 | final |
| 1942-12 | 0.11 | final |
| 1943-01 | 0.14 | final |
| 1943-02 | 0.28 | final |
| 1943-03 | 0.06 | final |
| 1943-04 | 0.14 | final |
| 1943-05 | 0.24 | final |
| 1943-06 | 0.07 | final |
| 1943-07 | 0.06 | final |
| 1943-08 | 0.02 | final |
| 1943-09 | 0.10 | final |
| 1943-10 | 0.20 | final |
| 1943-11 | 0.21 | final |
| 1943-12 | 0.32 | final |
| 1944-01 | 0.57 | final |
| 1944-02 | 0.46 | final |
| 1944-03 | 0.49 | final |
| 1944-04 | 0.28 | final |
| 1944-05 | 0.27 | final |
| 1944-06 | 0.31 | final |
| 1944-07 | 0.27 | final |
| 1944-08 | 0.33 | final |
| 1944-09 | 0.40 | final |
| 1944-10 | 0.39 | final |
| 1944-11 | 0.20 | final |
| 1944-12 | 0.17 | final |
| 1945-01 | 0.22 | final |
| 1945-02 | 0.04 | final |
| 1945-03 | 0.14 | final |
| 1945-04 | 0.25 | final |
| 1945-05 | 0.14 | final |
| 1945-06 | 0.30 | final |
| 1945-07 | 0.15 | final |
| 1945-08 | 0.47 | final |
| 1945-09 | 0.29 | final |
| 1945-10 | 0.29 | final |
| 1945-11 | 0.13 | final |
| 1945-12 | 0.06 | final |
| 1946-01 | 0.34 | final |
| 1946-02 | 0.23 | final |
| 1946-03 | 0.30 | final |
| 1946-04 | 0.29 | final |
| 1946-05 | 0.32 | final |
| 1946-06 | 0.19 | final |
| 1946-07 | 0.22 | final |
| 1946-08 | 0.13 | final |
| 1946-09 | 0.16 | final |
| 1946-10 | 0.07 | final |
| 1946-11 | 0.17 | final |
| 1946-12 | 0.09 | final |
| 1947-01 | 0.33 | final |
| 1947-02 | 0.23 | final |
| 1947-03 | 0.37 | final |
| 1947-04 | 0.40 | final |
| 1947-05 | 0.30 | final |
| 1947-06 | 0.31 | final |
| 1947-07 | 0.26 | final |
| 1947-08 | 0.14 | final |
| 1947-09 | 0.12 | final |
| 1947-10 | 0.27 | final |
| 1947-11 | 0.20 | final |
| 1947-12 | 0.11 | final |
| 1948-01 | 0.31 | final |
| 1948-02 | 0.12 | final |
| 1948-03 | 0.06 | final |
| 1948-04 | 0.17 | final |
| 1948-05 | 0.32 | final |
| 1948-06 | 0.23 | final |
| 1948-07 | 0.21 | final |
| 1948-08 | 0.23 | final |
| 1948-09 | 0.09 | final |
| 1948-10 | 0.27 | final |
| 1948-11 | 0.27 | final |
| 1948-12 | 0.03 | final |
| 1949-01 | 0.42 | final |
| 1949-02 | 0.21 | final |
| 1949-03 | 0.25 | final |
| 1949-04 | 0.18 | final |
| 1949-05 | 0.26 | final |
| 1949-06 | 0.15 | final |
| 1949-07 | 0.24 | final |
| 1949-08 | 0.13 | final |
| 1949-09 | 0.18 | final |
| 1949-10 | 0.18 | final |
| 1949-11 | 0.24 | final |
| 1949-12 | 0.26 | final |
| 1950-01 | 0.05 | final |
| 1950-02 | 0.02 | final |
| 1950-03 | 0.18 | final |
| 1950-04 | 0.07 | final |
| 1950-05 | 0.17 | final |
| 1950-06 | 0.19 | final |
| 1950-07 | 0.09 | final |
| 1950-08 | −0.02 | final |
| 1950-09 | 0.15 | final |
| 1950-10 | 0.20 | final |
| 1950-11 | −0.01 | final |
| 1950-12 | 0.27 | final |
| 1951-01 | 0.04 | final |
| 1951-02 | −0.09 | final |
| 1951-03 | 0.10 | final |
| 1951-04 | 0.19 | final |
| 1951-05 | 0.46 | final |
| 1951-06 | 0.33 | final |
| 1951-07 | 0.13 | final |
| 1951-08 | 0.31 | final |
| 1951-09 | 0.32 | final |
| 1951-10 | 0.37 | final |
| 1951-11 | 0.31 | final |
| 1951-12 | 0.47 | final |
| 1952-01 | 0.45 | final |
| 1952-02 | 0.37 | final |
| 1952-03 | 0.21 | final |
| 1952-04 | 0.20 | final |
| 1952-05 | 0.31 | final |
| 1952-06 | 0.29 | final |
| 1952-07 | 0.26 | final |
| 1952-08 | 0.11 | final |
| 1952-09 | 0.20 | final |
| 1952-10 | 0.16 | final |
| 1952-11 | −0.02 | final |
| 1952-12 | 0.23 | final |
| 1953-01 | 0.31 | final |
| 1953-02 | 0.35 | final |
| 1953-03 | 0.30 | final |
| 1953-04 | 0.41 | final |
| 1953-05 | 0.48 | final |
| 1953-06 | 0.31 | final |
| 1953-07 | 0.30 | final |
| 1953-08 | 0.27 | final |
| 1953-09 | 0.18 | final |
| 1953-10 | 0.25 | final |
| 1953-11 | 0.20 | final |
| 1953-12 | 0.33 | final |
| 1954-01 | 0.08 | final |
| 1954-02 | 0.16 | final |
| 1954-03 | 0.20 | final |
| 1954-04 | 0.14 | final |
| 1954-05 | 0.23 | final |
| 1954-06 | 0.10 | final |
| 1954-07 | 0.07 | final |
| 1954-08 | 0.00 | final |
| 1954-09 | −0.06 | final |
| 1954-10 | 0.08 | final |
| 1954-11 | 0.21 | final |
| 1954-12 | 0.12 | final |
| 1955-01 | 0.38 | final |
| 1955-02 | 0.04 | final |
| 1955-03 | −0.08 | final |
| 1955-04 | 0.06 | final |
| 1955-05 | 0.15 | final |
| 1955-06 | 0.11 | final |
| 1955-07 | 0.04 | final |
| 1955-08 | 0.20 | final |
| 1955-09 | 0.13 | final |
| 1955-10 | 0.11 | final |
| 1955-11 | −0.03 | final |
| 1955-12 | −0.02 | final |
| 1956-01 | 0.20 | final |
| 1956-02 | 0.08 | final |
| 1956-03 | 0.11 | final |
| 1956-04 | 0.03 | final |
| 1956-05 | 0.03 | final |
| 1956-06 | 0.03 | final |
| 1956-07 | 0.02 | final |
| 1956-08 | −0.08 | final |
| 1956-09 | −0.11 | final |
| 1956-10 | −0.14 | final |
| 1956-11 | 0.04 | final |
| 1956-12 | 0.18 | final |
| 1957-01 | 0.17 | final |
| 1957-02 | 0.16 | final |
| 1957-03 | 0.15 | final |
| 1957-04 | 0.25 | final |
| 1957-05 | 0.33 | final |
| 1957-06 | 0.36 | final |
| 1957-07 | 0.22 | final |
| 1957-08 | 0.27 | final |
| 1957-09 | 0.28 | final |
| 1957-10 | 0.33 | final |
| 1957-11 | 0.38 | final |
| 1957-12 | 0.47 | final |
| 1958-01 | 0.66 | final |
| 1958-02 | 0.49 | final |
| 1958-03 | 0.41 | final |
| 1958-04 | 0.37 | final |
| 1958-05 | 0.44 | final |
| 1958-06 | 0.29 | final |
| 1958-07 | 0.32 | final |
| 1958-08 | 0.22 | final |
| 1958-09 | 0.16 | final |
| 1958-10 | 0.23 | final |
| 1958-11 | 0.26 | final |
| 1958-12 | 0.32 | final |
| 1959-01 | 0.45 | final |
| 1959-02 | 0.40 | final |
| 1959-03 | 0.52 | final |
| 1959-04 | 0.44 | final |
| 1959-05 | 0.34 | final |
| 1959-06 | 0.31 | final |
| 1959-07 | 0.27 | final |
| 1959-08 | 0.21 | final |
| 1959-09 | 0.11 | final |
| 1959-10 | 0.21 | final |
| 1959-11 | 0.15 | final |
| 1959-12 | 0.34 | final |
| 1960-01 | 0.39 | final |
| 1960-02 | 0.47 | final |
| 1960-03 | 0.04 | final |
| 1960-04 | 0.17 | final |
| 1960-05 | 0.25 | final |
| 1960-06 | 0.26 | final |
| 1960-07 | 0.22 | final |
| 1960-08 | 0.27 | final |
| 1960-09 | 0.19 | final |
| 1960-10 | 0.28 | final |
| 1960-11 | 0.17 | final |
| 1960-12 | 0.50 | final |
| 1961-01 | 0.44 | final |
| 1961-02 | 0.47 | final |
| 1961-03 | 0.39 | final |
| 1961-04 | 0.39 | final |
| 1961-05 | 0.44 | final |
| 1961-06 | 0.37 | final |
| 1961-07 | 0.31 | final |
| 1961-08 | 0.25 | final |
| 1961-09 | 0.29 | final |
| 1961-10 | 0.27 | final |
| 1961-11 | 0.28 | final |
| 1961-12 | 0.21 | final |
| 1962-01 | 0.37 | final |
| 1962-02 | 0.43 | final |
| 1962-03 | 0.39 | final |
| 1962-04 | 0.32 | final |
| 1962-05 | 0.24 | final |
| 1962-06 | 0.18 | final |
| 1962-07 | 0.26 | final |
| 1962-08 | 0.20 | final |
| 1962-09 | 0.16 | final |
| 1962-10 | 0.24 | final |
| 1962-11 | 0.29 | final |
| 1962-12 | 0.31 | final |
| 1963-01 | 0.31 | final |
| 1963-02 | 0.42 | final |
| 1963-03 | 0.10 | final |
| 1963-04 | 0.18 | final |
| 1963-05 | 0.25 | final |
| 1963-06 | 0.31 | final |
| 1963-07 | 0.37 | final |
| 1963-08 | 0.45 | final |
| 1963-09 | 0.36 | final |
| 1963-10 | 0.35 | final |
| 1963-11 | 0.38 | final |
| 1963-12 | 0.35 | final |
| 1964-01 | 0.32 | final |
| 1964-02 | 0.28 | final |
| 1964-03 | 0.11 | final |
| 1964-04 | 0.04 | final |
| 1964-05 | 0.16 | final |
| 1964-06 | 0.19 | final |
| 1964-07 | 0.30 | final |
| 1964-08 | 0.11 | final |
| 1964-09 | −0.09 | final |
| 1964-10 | −0.15 | final |
| 1964-11 | 0.01 | final |
| 1964-12 | 0.02 | final |
| 1965-01 | 0.22 | final |
| 1965-02 | 0.12 | final |
| 1965-03 | 0.17 | final |
| 1965-04 | 0.11 | final |
| 1965-05 | 0.24 | final |
| 1965-06 | 0.16 | final |
| 1965-07 | 0.17 | final |
| 1965-08 | 0.13 | final |
| 1965-09 | 0.09 | final |
| 1965-10 | 0.17 | final |
| 1965-11 | 0.20 | final |
| 1965-12 | 0.27 | final |
| 1966-01 | 0.22 | final |
| 1966-02 | 0.29 | final |
| 1966-03 | 0.32 | final |
| 1966-04 | 0.21 | final |
| 1966-05 | 0.25 | final |
| 1966-06 | 0.32 | final |
| 1966-07 | 0.39 | final |
| 1966-08 | 0.22 | final |
| 1966-09 | 0.21 | final |
| 1966-10 | 0.07 | final |
| 1966-11 | 0.19 | final |
| 1966-12 | 0.27 | final |
| 1967-01 | 0.22 | final |
| 1967-02 | 0.05 | final |
| 1967-03 | 0.31 | final |
| 1967-04 | 0.25 | final |
| 1967-05 | 0.45 | final |
| 1967-06 | 0.24 | final |
| 1967-07 | 0.27 | final |
| 1967-08 | 0.23 | final |
| 1967-09 | 0.23 | final |
| 1967-10 | 0.33 | final |
| 1967-11 | 0.22 | final |
| 1967-12 | 0.32 | final |
| 1968-01 | 0.12 | final |
| 1968-02 | 0.18 | final |
| 1968-03 | 0.42 | final |
| 1968-04 | 0.22 | final |
| 1968-05 | 0.22 | final |
| 1968-06 | 0.15 | final |
| 1968-07 | 0.21 | final |
| 1968-08 | 0.15 | final |
| 1968-09 | 0.07 | final |
| 1968-10 | 0.29 | final |
| 1968-11 | 0.18 | final |
| 1968-12 | 0.19 | final |
| 1969-01 | 0.26 | final |
| 1969-02 | 0.19 | final |
| 1969-03 | 0.33 | final |
| 1969-04 | 0.45 | final |
| 1969-05 | 0.50 | final |
| 1969-06 | 0.35 | final |
| 1969-07 | 0.27 | final |
| 1969-08 | 0.14 | final |
| 1969-09 | 0.23 | final |
| 1969-10 | 0.24 | final |
| 1969-11 | 0.41 | final |
| 1969-12 | 0.58 | final |
| 1970-01 | 0.46 | final |
| 1970-02 | 0.48 | final |
| 1970-03 | 0.35 | final |
| 1970-04 | 0.43 | final |
| 1970-05 | 0.32 | final |
| 1970-06 | 0.33 | final |
| 1970-07 | 0.28 | final |
| 1970-08 | 0.12 | final |
| 1970-09 | 0.20 | final |
| 1970-10 | 0.21 | final |
| 1970-11 | 0.23 | final |
| 1970-12 | 0.23 | final |
| 1971-01 | 0.30 | final |
| 1971-02 | 0.11 | final |
| 1971-03 | 0.14 | final |
| 1971-04 | 0.20 | final |
| 1971-05 | 0.18 | final |
| 1971-06 | 0.11 | final |
| 1971-07 | 0.10 | final |
| 1971-08 | 0.10 | final |
| 1971-09 | 0.13 | final |
| 1971-10 | 0.06 | final |
| 1971-11 | 0.14 | final |
| 1971-12 | 0.24 | final |
| 1972-01 | 0.09 | final |
| 1972-02 | 0.05 | final |
| 1972-03 | 0.23 | final |
| 1972-04 | 0.30 | final |
| 1972-05 | 0.30 | final |
| 1972-06 | 0.42 | final |
| 1972-07 | 0.38 | final |
| 1972-08 | 0.34 | final |
| 1972-09 | 0.26 | final |
| 1972-10 | 0.30 | final |
| 1972-11 | 0.25 | final |
| 1972-12 | 0.49 | final |
| 1973-01 | 0.60 | final |
| 1973-02 | 0.63 | final |
| 1973-03 | 0.50 | final |
| 1973-04 | 0.49 | final |
| 1973-05 | 0.50 | final |
| 1973-06 | 0.38 | final |
| 1973-07 | 0.35 | final |
| 1973-08 | 0.18 | final |
| 1973-09 | 0.22 | final |
| 1973-10 | 0.21 | final |
| 1973-11 | 0.28 | final |
| 1973-12 | 0.32 | final |
| 1974-01 | 0.22 | final |
| 1974-02 | 0.01 | final |
| 1974-03 | 0.16 | final |
| 1974-04 | 0.15 | final |
| 1974-05 | 0.14 | final |
| 1974-06 | 0.11 | final |
| 1974-07 | 0.10 | final |
| 1974-08 | 0.18 | final |
| 1974-09 | 0.02 | final |
| 1974-10 | 0.02 | final |
| 1974-11 | 0.09 | final |
| 1974-12 | 0.17 | final |
| 1975-01 | 0.32 | final |
| 1975-02 | 0.30 | final |
| 1975-03 | 0.34 | final |
| 1975-04 | 0.27 | final |
| 1975-05 | 0.24 | final |
| 1975-06 | 0.14 | final |
| 1975-07 | 0.07 | final |
| 1975-08 | −0.04 | final |
| 1975-09 | −0.03 | final |
| 1975-10 | −0.08 | final |
| 1975-11 | 0.01 | final |
| 1975-12 | 0.11 | final |
| 1976-01 | 0.23 | final |
| 1976-02 | 0.06 | final |
| 1976-03 | −0.06 | final |
| 1976-04 | 0.09 | final |
| 1976-05 | −0.01 | final |
| 1976-06 | 0.09 | final |
| 1976-07 | 0.14 | final |
| 1976-08 | 0.05 | final |
| 1976-09 | 0.11 | final |
| 1976-10 | −0.21 | final |
| 1976-11 | 0.07 | final |
| 1976-12 | 0.26 | final |
| 1977-01 | 0.42 | final |
| 1977-02 | 0.37 | final |
| 1977-03 | 0.37 | final |
| 1977-04 | 0.40 | final |
| 1977-05 | 0.45 | final |
| 1977-06 | 0.44 | final |
| 1977-07 | 0.36 | final |
| 1977-08 | 0.33 | final |
| 1977-09 | 0.17 | final |
| 1977-10 | 0.13 | final |
| 1977-11 | 0.41 | final |
| 1977-12 | 0.39 | final |
| 1978-01 | 0.40 | final |
| 1978-02 | 0.38 | final |
| 1978-03 | 0.38 | final |
| 1978-04 | 0.36 | final |
| 1978-05 | 0.38 | final |
| 1978-06 | 0.20 | final |
| 1978-07 | 0.31 | final |
| 1978-08 | 0.08 | final |
| 1978-09 | 0.13 | final |
| 1978-10 | 0.15 | final |
| 1978-11 | 0.36 | final |
| 1978-12 | 0.42 | final |
| 1979-01 | 0.54 | final |
| 1979-02 | 0.27 | final |
| 1979-03 | 0.46 | final |
| 1979-04 | 0.40 | final |
| 1979-05 | 0.42 | final |
| 1979-06 | 0.40 | final |
| 1979-07 | 0.30 | final |
| 1979-08 | 0.39 | final |
| 1979-09 | 0.43 | final |
| 1979-10 | 0.49 | final |
| 1979-11 | 0.51 | final |
| 1979-12 | 0.80 | final |
| 1980-01 | 0.66 | final |
| 1980-02 | 0.71 | final |
| 1980-03 | 0.67 | final |
| 1980-04 | 0.73 | final |
| 1980-05 | 0.78 | final |
| 1980-06 | 0.58 | final |
| 1980-07 | 0.59 | final |
| 1980-08 | 0.52 | final |
| 1980-09 | 0.44 | final |
| 1980-10 | 0.39 | final |
| 1980-11 | 0.46 | final |
| 1980-12 | 0.46 | final |
| 1981-01 | 0.79 | final |
| 1981-02 | 0.71 | final |
| 1981-03 | 0.79 | final |
| 1981-04 | 0.70 | final |
| 1981-05 | 0.64 | final |
| 1981-06 | 0.58 | final |
| 1981-07 | 0.56 | final |
| 1981-08 | 0.56 | final |
| 1981-09 | 0.47 | final |
| 1981-10 | 0.43 | final |
| 1981-11 | 0.47 | final |
| 1981-12 | 0.70 | final |
| 1982-01 | 0.38 | final |
| 1982-02 | 0.47 | final |
| 1982-03 | 0.31 | final |
| 1982-04 | 0.37 | final |
| 1982-05 | 0.50 | final |
| 1982-06 | 0.41 | final |
| 1982-07 | 0.46 | final |
| 1982-08 | 0.35 | final |
| 1982-09 | 0.35 | final |
| 1982-10 | 0.33 | final |
| 1982-11 | 0.37 | final |
| 1982-12 | 0.70 | final |
| 1983-01 | 0.81 | final |
| 1983-02 | 0.77 | final |
| 1983-03 | 0.76 | final |
| 1983-04 | 0.63 | final |
| 1983-05 | 0.74 | final |
| 1983-06 | 0.56 | final |
| 1983-07 | 0.48 | final |
| 1983-08 | 0.55 | final |
| 1983-09 | 0.61 | final |
| 1983-10 | 0.38 | final |
| 1983-11 | 0.54 | final |
| 1983-12 | 0.51 | final |
| 1984-01 | 0.56 | final |
| 1984-02 | 0.40 | final |
| 1984-03 | 0.56 | final |
| 1984-04 | 0.44 | final |
| 1984-05 | 0.65 | final |
| 1984-06 | 0.32 | final |
| 1984-07 | 0.27 | final |
| 1984-08 | 0.36 | final |
| 1984-09 | 0.32 | final |
| 1984-10 | 0.33 | final |
| 1984-11 | 0.24 | final |
| 1984-12 | 0.33 | final |
| 1985-01 | 0.54 | final |
| 1985-02 | 0.26 | final |
| 1985-03 | 0.42 | final |
| 1985-04 | 0.44 | final |
| 1985-05 | 0.43 | final |
| 1985-06 | 0.36 | final |
| 1985-07 | 0.27 | final |
| 1985-08 | 0.41 | final |
| 1985-09 | 0.29 | final |
| 1985-10 | 0.20 | final |
| 1985-11 | 0.30 | final |
| 1985-12 | 0.38 | final |
| 1986-01 | 0.53 | final |
| 1986-02 | 0.58 | final |
| 1986-03 | 0.54 | final |
| 1986-04 | 0.61 | final |
| 1986-05 | 0.60 | final |
| 1986-06 | 0.38 | final |
| 1986-07 | 0.35 | final |
| 1986-08 | 0.36 | final |
| 1986-09 | 0.28 | final |
| 1986-10 | 0.26 | final |
| 1986-11 | 0.39 | final |
| 1986-12 | 0.48 | final |
| 1987-01 | 0.63 | final |
| 1987-02 | 0.67 | final |
| 1987-03 | 0.47 | final |
| 1987-04 | 0.58 | final |
| 1987-05 | 0.60 | final |
| 1987-06 | 0.64 | final |
| 1987-07 | 0.71 | final |
| 1987-08 | 0.53 | final |
| 1987-09 | 0.59 | final |
| 1987-10 | 0.50 | final |
| 1987-11 | 0.52 | final |
| 1987-12 | 0.80 | final |
| 1988-01 | 0.83 | final |
| 1988-02 | 0.63 | final |
| 1988-03 | 0.76 | final |
| 1988-04 | 0.72 | final |
| 1988-05 | 0.77 | final |
| 1988-06 | 0.67 | final |
| 1988-07 | 0.60 | final |
| 1988-08 | 0.63 | final |
| 1988-09 | 0.62 | final |
| 1988-10 | 0.50 | final |
| 1988-11 | 0.32 | final |
| 1988-12 | 0.56 | final |
| 1989-01 | 0.36 | final |
| 1989-02 | 0.62 | final |
| 1989-03 | 0.59 | final |
| 1989-04 | 0.59 | final |
| 1989-05 | 0.46 | final |
| 1989-06 | 0.42 | final |
| 1989-07 | 0.56 | final |
| 1989-08 | 0.48 | final |
| 1989-09 | 0.53 | final |
| 1989-10 | 0.48 | final |
| 1989-11 | 0.40 | final |
| 1989-12 | 0.69 | final |
| 1990-01 | 0.73 | final |
| 1990-02 | 0.68 | final |
| 1990-03 | 1.02 | final |
| 1990-04 | 0.86 | final |
| 1990-05 | 0.85 | final |
| 1990-06 | 0.65 | final |
| 1990-07 | 0.72 | final |
| 1990-08 | 0.63 | final |
| 1990-09 | 0.58 | final |
| 1990-10 | 0.69 | final |
| 1990-11 | 0.77 | final |
| 1990-12 | 0.78 | final |
| 1991-01 | 0.79 | final |
| 1991-02 | 0.84 | final |
| 1991-03 | 0.70 | final |
| 1991-04 | 0.79 | final |
| 1991-05 | 0.69 | final |
| 1991-06 | 0.86 | final |
| 1991-07 | 0.75 | final |
| 1991-08 | 0.66 | final |
| 1991-09 | 0.61 | final |
| 1991-10 | 0.50 | final |
| 1991-11 | 0.53 | final |
| 1991-12 | 0.59 | final |
| 1992-01 | 0.75 | final |
| 1992-02 | 0.71 | final |
| 1992-03 | 0.70 | final |
| 1992-04 | 0.49 | final |
| 1992-05 | 0.53 | final |
| 1992-06 | 0.51 | final |
| 1992-07 | 0.34 | final |
| 1992-08 | 0.31 | final |
| 1992-09 | 0.20 | final |
| 1992-10 | 0.25 | final |
| 1992-11 | 0.27 | final |
| 1992-12 | 0.47 | final |
| 1993-01 | 0.65 | final |
| 1993-02 | 0.65 | final |
| 1993-03 | 0.59 | final |
| 1993-04 | 0.58 | final |
| 1993-05 | 0.57 | final |
| 1993-06 | 0.53 | final |
| 1993-07 | 0.45 | final |
| 1993-08 | 0.42 | final |
| 1993-09 | 0.29 | final |
| 1993-10 | 0.42 | final |
| 1993-11 | 0.35 | final |
| 1993-12 | 0.58 | final |
| 1994-01 | 0.56 | final |
| 1994-02 | 0.32 | final |
| 1994-03 | 0.53 | final |
| 1994-04 | 0.63 | final |
| 1994-05 | 0.52 | final |
| 1994-06 | 0.58 | final |
| 1994-07 | 0.53 | final |
| 1994-08 | 0.42 | final |
| 1994-09 | 0.57 | final |
| 1994-10 | 0.56 | final |
| 1994-11 | 0.64 | final |
| 1994-12 | 0.66 | final |
| 1995-01 | 0.83 | final |
| 1995-02 | 1.02 | final |
| 1995-03 | 0.71 | final |
| 1995-04 | 0.79 | final |
| 1995-05 | 0.63 | final |
| 1995-06 | 0.74 | final |
| 1995-07 | 0.70 | final |
| 1995-08 | 0.69 | final |
| 1995-09 | 0.61 | final |
| 1995-10 | 0.66 | final |
| 1995-11 | 0.67 | final |
| 1995-12 | 0.59 | final |
| 1996-01 | 0.60 | final |
| 1996-02 | 0.74 | final |
| 1996-03 | 0.64 | final |
| 1996-04 | 0.57 | final |
| 1996-05 | 0.50 | final |
| 1996-06 | 0.51 | final |
| 1996-07 | 0.59 | final |
| 1996-08 | 0.69 | final |
| 1996-09 | 0.48 | final |
| 1996-10 | 0.41 | final |
| 1996-11 | 0.67 | final |
| 1996-12 | 0.68 | final |
| 1997-01 | 0.59 | final |
| 1997-02 | 0.64 | final |
| 1997-03 | 0.78 | final |
| 1997-04 | 0.58 | final |
| 1997-05 | 0.62 | final |
| 1997-06 | 0.75 | final |
| 1997-07 | 0.63 | final |
| 1997-08 | 0.67 | final |
| 1997-09 | 0.75 | final |
| 1997-10 | 0.80 | final |
| 1997-11 | 0.87 | final |
| 1997-12 | 0.88 | final |
| 1998-01 | 0.91 | final |
| 1998-02 | 1.11 | final |
| 1998-03 | 0.91 | final |
| 1998-04 | 1.03 | final |
| 1998-05 | 1.05 | final |
| 1998-06 | 1.01 | final |
| 1998-07 | 0.92 | final |
| 1998-08 | 0.94 | final |
| 1998-09 | 0.76 | final |
| 1998-10 | 0.67 | final |
| 1998-11 | 0.65 | final |
| 1998-12 | 0.84 | final |
| 1999-01 | 0.73 | final |
| 1999-02 | 0.91 | final |
| 1999-03 | 0.56 | final |
| 1999-04 | 0.61 | final |
| 1999-05 | 0.57 | final |
| 1999-06 | 0.60 | final |
| 1999-07 | 0.60 | final |
| 1999-08 | 0.56 | final |
| 1999-09 | 0.61 | final |
| 1999-10 | 0.55 | final |
| 1999-11 | 0.59 | final |
| 1999-12 | 0.71 | final |
| 2000-01 | 0.57 | final |
| 2000-02 | 0.82 | final |
| 2000-03 | 0.73 | final |
| 2000-04 | 0.83 | final |
| 2000-05 | 0.65 | final |
| 2000-06 | 0.59 | final |
| 2000-07 | 0.56 | final |
| 2000-08 | 0.63 | final |
| 2000-09 | 0.57 | final |
| 2000-10 | 0.45 | final |
| 2000-11 | 0.54 | final |
| 2000-12 | 0.59 | final |
| 2001-01 | 0.73 | final |
| 2001-02 | 0.68 | final |
| 2001-03 | 0.79 | final |
| 2001-04 | 0.76 | final |
| 2001-05 | 0.82 | final |
| 2001-06 | 0.72 | final |
| 2001-07 | 0.78 | final |
| 2001-08 | 0.75 | final |
| 2001-09 | 0.73 | final |
| 2001-10 | 0.74 | final |
| 2001-11 | 0.99 | final |
| 2001-12 | 0.96 | final |
| 2002-01 | 1.06 | final |
| 2002-02 | 0.95 | final |
| 2002-03 | 1.14 | final |
| 2002-04 | 0.85 | final |
| 2002-05 | 0.95 | final |
| 2002-06 | 0.85 | final |
| 2002-07 | 0.83 | final |
| 2002-08 | 0.75 | final |
| 2002-09 | 0.82 | final |
| 2002-10 | 0.77 | final |
| 2002-11 | 0.84 | final |
| 2002-12 | 0.81 | final |
| 2003-01 | 1.07 | final |
| 2003-02 | 0.87 | final |
| 2003-03 | 0.78 | final |
| 2003-04 | 0.79 | final |
| 2003-05 | 0.86 | final |
| 2003-06 | 0.69 | final |
| 2003-07 | 0.75 | final |
| 2003-08 | 0.85 | final |
| 2003-09 | 0.88 | final |
| 2003-10 | 0.95 | final |
| 2003-11 | 0.85 | final |
| 2003-12 | 1.11 | final |
| 2004-01 | 0.92 | final |
| 2004-02 | 0.99 | final |
| 2004-03 | 0.94 | final |
| 2004-04 | 0.90 | final |
| 2004-05 | 0.66 | final |
| 2004-06 | 0.74 | final |
| 2004-07 | 0.52 | final |
| 2004-08 | 0.64 | final |
| 2004-09 | 0.77 | final |
| 2004-10 | 0.86 | final |
| 2004-11 | 0.96 | final |
| 2004-12 | 0.83 | final |
| 2005-01 | 1.11 | final |
| 2005-02 | 0.97 | final |
| 2005-03 | 1.04 | final |
| 2005-04 | 0.98 | final |
| 2005-05 | 0.94 | final |
| 2005-06 | 0.91 | final |
| 2005-07 | 0.89 | final |
| 2005-08 | 0.83 | final |
| 2005-09 | 0.94 | final |
| 2005-10 | 1.02 | final |
| 2005-11 | 1.02 | final |
| 2005-12 | 1.03 | final |
| 2006-01 | 0.92 | final |
| 2006-02 | 1.05 | final |
| 2006-03 | 0.94 | final |
| 2006-04 | 0.84 | final |
| 2006-05 | 0.80 | final |
| 2006-06 | 0.91 | final |
| 2006-07 | 0.80 | final |
| 2006-08 | 0.87 | final |
| 2006-09 | 0.86 | final |
| 2006-10 | 0.99 | final |
| 2006-11 | 0.99 | final |
| 2006-12 | 1.13 | final |
| 2007-01 | 1.32 | final |
| 2007-02 | 1.05 | final |
| 2007-03 | 0.95 | final |
| 2007-04 | 1.08 | final |
| 2007-05 | 0.95 | final |
| 2007-06 | 0.81 | final |
| 2007-07 | 0.81 | final |
| 2007-08 | 0.78 | final |
| 2007-09 | 0.72 | final |
| 2007-10 | 0.84 | final |
| 2007-11 | 0.85 | final |
| 2007-12 | 0.84 | final |
| 2008-01 | 0.63 | final |
| 2008-02 | 0.64 | final |
| 2008-03 | 0.97 | final |
| 2008-04 | 0.78 | final |
| 2008-05 | 0.76 | final |
| 2008-06 | 0.63 | final |
| 2008-07 | 0.78 | final |
| 2008-08 | 0.72 | final |
| 2008-09 | 0.78 | final |
| 2008-10 | 0.89 | final |
| 2008-11 | 0.94 | final |
| 2008-12 | 0.89 | final |
| 2009-01 | 1.02 | final |
| 2009-02 | 0.92 | final |
| 2009-03 | 0.83 | final |
| 2009-04 | 0.85 | final |
| 2009-05 | 0.87 | final |
| 2009-06 | 0.83 | final |
| 2009-07 | 0.94 | final |
| 2009-08 | 0.85 | final |
| 2009-09 | 0.91 | final |
| 2009-10 | 0.93 | final |
| 2009-11 | 1.03 | final |
| 2009-12 | 1.00 | final |
| 2010-01 | 1.15 | final |
| 2010-02 | 1.18 | final |
| 2010-03 | 1.22 | final |
| 2010-04 | 1.16 | final |
| 2010-05 | 1.07 | final |
| 2010-06 | 0.92 | final |
| 2010-07 | 0.85 | final |
| 2010-08 | 0.85 | final |
| 2010-09 | 0.91 | final |
| 2010-10 | 0.97 | final |
| 2010-11 | 1.02 | final |
| 2010-12 | 0.83 | final |
| 2011-01 | 0.87 | final |
| 2011-02 | 0.78 | final |
| 2011-03 | 0.89 | final |
| 2011-04 | 0.92 | final |
| 2011-05 | 0.83 | final |
| 2011-06 | 0.85 | final |
| 2011-07 | 0.94 | final |
| 2011-08 | 0.91 | final |
| 2011-09 | 0.86 | final |
| 2011-10 | 0.88 | final |
| 2011-11 | 0.80 | final |
| 2011-12 | 0.89 | final |
| 2012-01 | 0.79 | final |
| 2012-02 | 0.78 | final |
| 2012-03 | 0.81 | final |
| 2012-04 | 0.96 | final |
| 2012-05 | 1.04 | final |
| 2012-06 | 0.95 | final |
| 2012-07 | 0.84 | final |
| 2012-08 | 0.88 | final |
| 2012-09 | 0.92 | final |
| 2012-10 | 1.07 | final |
| 2012-11 | 1.09 | final |
| 2012-12 | 0.90 | final |
| 2013-01 | 1.11 | final |
| 2013-02 | 0.97 | final |
| 2013-03 | 0.97 | final |
| 2013-04 | 0.87 | final |
| 2013-05 | 0.89 | final |
| 2013-06 | 0.94 | final |
| 2013-07 | 0.78 | final |
| 2013-08 | 0.86 | final |
| 2013-09 | 0.98 | final |
| 2013-10 | 0.90 | final |
| 2013-11 | 1.04 | final |
| 2013-12 | 1.06 | final |
| 2014-01 | 1.09 | final |
| 2014-02 | 0.86 | final |
| 2014-03 | 1.04 | final |
| 2014-04 | 1.02 | final |
| 2014-05 | 1.05 | final |
| 2014-06 | 0.90 | final |
| 2014-07 | 0.87 | final |
| 2014-08 | 0.94 | final |
| 2014-09 | 1.00 | final |
| 2014-10 | 1.01 | final |
| 2014-11 | 0.94 | final |
| 2014-12 | 1.12 | final |
| 2015-01 | 1.15 | final |
| 2015-02 | 1.16 | final |
| 2015-03 | 1.18 | final |
| 2015-04 | 0.97 | final |
| 2015-05 | 1.05 | final |
| 2015-06 | 1.02 | final |
| 2015-07 | 0.95 | final |
| 2015-08 | 1.04 | final |
| 2015-09 | 1.08 | final |
| 2015-10 | 1.29 | final |
| 2015-11 | 1.28 | final |
| 2015-12 | 1.47 | final |
| 2016-01 | 1.51 | final |
| 2016-02 | 1.65 | final |
| 2016-03 | 1.58 | final |
| 2016-04 | 1.44 | final |
| 2016-05 | 1.29 | final |
| 2016-06 | 1.09 | final |
| 2016-07 | 1.16 | final |
| 2016-08 | 1.20 | final |
| 2016-09 | 1.17 | final |
| 2016-10 | 1.19 | final |
| 2016-11 | 1.30 | final |
| 2016-12 | 1.27 | final |
| 2017-01 | 1.36 | final |
| 2017-02 | 1.46 | final |
| 2017-03 | 1.45 | final |
| 2017-04 | 1.24 | final |
| 2017-05 | 1.24 | final |
| 2017-06 | 1.03 | final |
| 2017-07 | 1.07 | final |
| 2017-08 | 1.10 | final |
| 2017-09 | 1.09 | final |
| 2017-10 | 1.21 | final |
| 2017-11 | 1.14 | final |
| 2017-12 | 1.30 | final |
| 2018-01 | 1.20 | final |
| 2018-02 | 1.22 | final |
| 2018-03 | 1.22 | final |
| 2018-04 | 1.21 | final |
| 2018-05 | 1.12 | final |
| 2018-06 | 1.06 | final |
| 2018-07 | 1.08 | final |
| 2018-08 | 1.01 | final |
| 2018-09 | 1.01 | final |
| 2018-10 | 1.20 | final |
| 2018-11 | 1.13 | final |
| 2018-12 | 1.26 | final |
| 2019-01 | 1.24 | final |
| 2019-02 | 1.27 | final |
| 2019-03 | 1.46 | final |
| 2019-04 | 1.35 | final |
| 2019-05 | 1.23 | final |
| 2019-06 | 1.20 | final |
| 2019-07 | 1.20 | final |
| 2019-08 | 1.16 | final |
| 2019-09 | 1.19 | final |
| 2019-10 | 1.30 | final |
| 2019-11 | 1.30 | final |
| 2019-12 | 1.47 | final |
| 2020-01 | 1.54 | final |
| 2020-02 | 1.56 | final |
| 2020-03 | 1.44 | final |
| 2020-04 | 1.43 | final |
| 2020-05 | 1.34 | final |
| 2020-06 | 1.19 | final |
| 2020-07 | 1.13 | final |
| 2020-08 | 1.07 | final |
| 2020-09 | 1.24 | final |
| 2020-10 | 1.23 | final |
| 2020-11 | 1.43 | final |
| 2020-12 | 1.17 | final |
| 2021-01 | 1.20 | final |
| 2021-02 | 1.02 | final |
| 2021-03 | 1.14 | final |
| 2021-04 | 1.10 | final |
| 2021-05 | 1.13 | final |
| 2021-06 | 1.04 | final |
| 2021-07 | 1.13 | final |
| 2021-08 | 1.11 | final |
| 2021-09 | 1.21 | final |
| 2021-10 | 1.27 | final |
| 2021-11 | 1.24 | final |
| 2021-12 | 1.25 | final |
| 2022-01 | 1.24 | final |
| 2022-02 | 1.19 | final |
| 2022-03 | 1.34 | final |
| 2022-04 | 1.19 | final |
| 2022-05 | 1.13 | final |
| 2022-06 | 1.14 | final |
| 2022-07 | 1.18 | final |
| 2022-08 | 1.10 | final |
| 2022-09 | 1.16 | final |
| 2022-10 | 1.26 | final |
| 2022-11 | 1.05 | final |
| 2022-12 | 1.20 | final |
| 2023-01 | 1.21 | final |
| 2023-02 | 1.25 | final |
| 2023-03 | 1.46 | final |
| 2023-04 | 1.23 | final |
| 2023-05 | 1.27 | final |
| 2023-06 | 1.36 | final |
| 2023-07 | 1.52 | final |
| 2023-08 | 1.51 | final |
| 2023-09 | 1.74 | final |
| 2023-10 | 1.70 | final |
| 2023-11 | 1.74 | final |
| 2023-12 | 1.78 | final |
| 2024-01 | 1.66 | final |
| 2024-02 | 1.77 | final |
| 2024-03 | 1.68 | final |
| 2024-04 | 1.58 | final |
| 2024-05 | 1.52 | final |
| 2024-06 | 1.50 | final |
| 2024-07 | 1.48 | final |
| 2024-08 | 1.51 | final |
| 2024-09 | 1.54 | final |
| 2024-10 | 1.65 | final |
| 2024-11 | 1.62 | final |
| 2024-12 | 1.69 | final |
| 2025-01 | 1.75 | final |
| 2025-02 | 1.59 | final |
| 2025-03 | 1.60 | final |
| 2025-04 | 1.51 | final |
| 2025-05 | 1.40 | final |
| 2025-06 | 1.30 | final |
| 2025-07 | 1.25 | final |
| 2025-08 | 1.29 | final |
| 2025-09 | 1.47 | final |
| 2025-10 | 1.55 | final |
| 2025-11 | 1.54 | final |
| 2025-12 | 1.42 | final |
| 2026-01 | 1.47 | final |
| 2026-02 | 1.49 | final |
| 2026-03 | 1.48 | final |
| 2026-04 | 1.43 | final |
| 2026-05 | 1.42 | final |
| 2026-06 | 1.39 | final |
| 2026-07 | 1.47 | final |
| 2026-08 | 1.65 | final |
Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026. Data source: ERA5 (Hersbach et al. 2023, doi:10.24381/cds.f17050d7), C3S Climate Bulletin. Credit: C3S/ECMWF. CC BY 4.0 (ERA5, as licensed on the C3S Climate Data Store).
Where it comes from
- Producer
- Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by ECMWF for the European Commission · C3S Climate Bulletin global surface air temperature (ERA5)
- Version
- 2026-08
- Fetched
- 2026-10-04 (automatically), 51,658 bytes
- Fingerprint
- sha256 3702df655287919f77ae09e62826b7874634cd0751f331cd604ac136c89fd144ETag "6aa1348e-c9ca" · Last-Modified Wed, 09 Sep 2026 10:27:26 GMT
- Copies
- No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
- Cite the producer
- Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on 2026-10-04)
What was done to it
Read the C3S Climate Bulletin file of global monthly ERA5 surface air temperature for data to 2026-08, last updated by C3S on 03 September 2026.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/c3s_era5_bulletin.py · code sha256 5845d2daa53ffa40… · inputs 3702df655287…
Published C3S's own anomaly from 1850–1900 (column ano_pi) unchanged. C3S computes it as the anomaly from 1991–2020 plus a fixed offset per calendar month (offset_pi), its estimate of the warming from 1850–1900 to 1991–2020 from Berkeley Earth, HadCRUT5 and NOAAGlobalTemp, because ERA5 starts in 1940. Checked on every row that ano_pi equals ano_91-20 plus offset_pi. The offsets in this file (°C): January 0.9600; February 0.9600; March 0.9500; April 0.9100; May 0.8700; June 0.8300; July 0.8000; August 0.8000; September 0.8100; October 0.8500; November 0.8900; December 0.9300.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/c3s_era5_bulletin.py · code sha256 5845d2daa53ffa40… · inputs 3702df655287…
The file has no status column and marks no month as preliminary, so no month is labelled preliminary here. The latest months rest on ERA5's preliminary data, which C3S may revise; a later Bulletin file then carries the revised values.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/c3s_era5_bulletin.py · code sha256 5845d2daa53ffa40… · inputs 3702df655287…
What it covers
- Geography
- Global mean (0–360° E, 90° S–90° N)
- Baseline
- 1850–1900, through C3S's fixed offset per calendar month from 1991–2020 (offset_pi, 0.80 to 0.96 °C), estimated from Berkeley Earth, HadCRUT5 and NOAAGlobalTemp
- Basis
- ERA5 reanalysis, monthly mean air temperature at 2 metres.
- Unit
- degrees Celsius (°C)