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Data

Greenhouse gas emissions, all gases and all sectors including land use

Each year's emissions of all greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases) from all sectors, in carbon dioxide equivalent, including net land use, land-use change and forestry and excluding international aviation and shipping, as published by FAO for the world and each country since 1990. For 28 territories in the October 2025 release, whose energy, industry and waste emissions are counted in their parent country, the total is agriculture plus land use only, and for 10 of them (American Samoa, the Channel Islands, Gibraltar, Greenland, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Norfolk Island, Pitcairn, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon) FAO prints a total of exactly 0 in some or all years, where it has no estimate. These territories' values are not comparable with countries'.

Latest value

52.1Gt CO₂e

The world, countries and territories, and the European Union (27), 2023. Version 2025-10-28.

Greenhouse gas emissions, all gases and all sectors including land use (billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent)

34 values from 1990 to 2023.
Show as a table
Greenhouse gas emissions, all gases and all sectors including land use, every value
PeriodValue (Gt CO₂e)Status
199034.2final
199134.7final
199234.4final
199334.6final
199434.8final
199535.4final
199636.0final
199737.0final
199836.2final
199936.6final
200037.3final
200135.5final
200236.6final
200337.9final
200439.6final
200540.4final
200642.0final
200742.4final
200843.1final
200943.0final
201044.7final
201145.6final
201246.3final
201346.5final
201447.3final
201547.4final
201647.4final
201748.2final
201849.3final
201950.2final
202048.1final
202150.4final
202251.1final
202352.1final
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions from Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025), The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7, doi:10.5281/zenodo.17090760, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; method in Gütschow et al. (2016), Earth System Science Data 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016. Changes: converted from kilotonnes to billion tonnes of CO₂-equivalent. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (inherited from PRIMAP-hist v2.7; FAO labels FAOSTAT CC BY 4.0).

Where it comes from

Producer
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors (with PRIMAP-hist v2.7)
Version
2025-10-28
File
https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Emissions_Totals_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip
Fetched
2026-10-04 (automatically), 20,501,708 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 d2c47e116553711f7c2fd6b62437db511038fd9bd9ec77815fa69ff7a18a89a9ETag "99a1f7889c9873df9bdb619a99572a1f-3" · Last-Modified Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions: Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Producer
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors (with PRIMAP-hist v2.7)
Version
2025-10-28
File
https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/datasets_E.json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 109,120 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 008f475c971a7770c69b1bc48f1c3a5fa8bf3873e762d6e1e9516bb0a700ebdaETag W/"157c9ec8e5eea09a02497cc10f67bcdb" · Last-Modified Mon, 05 Oct 2026 12:49:35 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions: Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

What was done to it

  1. Read Emissions_Totals_E_All_Data_(Normalized).csv from FAOSTAT's Emissions totals (GT) bulk zip. The vintage is the domain's DateUpdate, 28 October 2025, from FAOSTAT's bulk-download catalogue (datasets_E.json), whose entry names this zip and gives FileRows 2,500,090, the number of data rows in this file. The zip was last modified on the server on Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  2. Kept the "FAO TIER 1" rows of item "All sectors with LULUCF" (code 6825), element "Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5)" (code 723113), 1990–2023, in kilotonnes of CO₂-equivalent (IPCC AR5 100-year global warming potentials). Rows from FAO's "UNFCCC" source are not used.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  3. FAO's total is the sum of its six IPCC sector items (energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, net land use, land-use change and forestry, waste, other); international aviation and shipping ("International bunkers", item 6820) are outside it. FAO publishes no row for some parts of some areas' all-sector totals. Those parts are left missing, never filled or set to zero, and the published total of those areas is the sum of the parts that exist. ASM, BMU, CHI, CYM, ESH, FLK, FRO, GIB, GLP, GRL, GUF, GUM, IMN, MSR, MTQ, MYT, NCL, NFK, PCN, PRI, PSE, PYF, REU, SJM, SPM, VIR, WLF: no Energy (item 6821) (1990–2023); Industrial processes and product use (item 6817) (1990–2023); Waste (item 6818) (1990–2023); Other (item 6819) (1990–2023). NRU, TUV: no Other (item 6819) (1990–2023). MNP: no Energy (item 6821) (1991–2023); Industrial processes and product use (item 6817) (1991–2023); Waste (item 6818) (1991–2023); Other (item 6819) (1991–2023). TKL: no Energy (item 6821) (1990–2023); Other (item 6819) (1990–2023).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  4. FAO prints a "All sectors with LULUCF" total of exactly 0 kt, with every sector it prints for that area and year also 0, for 275 area-years of 10 territories: ASM 1990–2000, 2011–2023; CHI 1990–2023; GIB 2001–2023; GRL 1996–2001; GUM 1990–2010, 2016–2023; MNP 1991–2010, 2016–2023; NFK 1990–2023; PCN 1990–2023; SJM 1990–2023; SPM 1990–2015, 2021–2023. They are published as printed, not removed. Their totals cover agriculture and land use only, and a 0 there is where FAO has no estimate, so these values are not comparable with countries' totals.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  5. Left out former states and territories reported only before their dissolution, with no entity here (Belgium-Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia PDR, Netherlands Antilles (former), Pacific Islands Trust Territory, Sudan (former), USSR, Yugoslav SFR); FAO regional and analytical groups (Africa, Americas, Annex I countries, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Caribbean, Central America, Central Asia, China, Eastern Africa, Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, Europe, Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs), Latin America and the Caribbean, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), Melanesia, Micronesia, Middle Africa, Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs), Non-Annex I countries, Northern Africa, Northern America, Northern Europe, OECD, Oceania, Polynesia, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), South America, South-eastern Asia, Southern Africa, Southern Asia, Southern Europe, Western Africa, Western Asia, Western Europe). Their values are never re-assigned to other entities.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  6. Converted kilotonnes to billion tonnes by dividing by 1,000,000 (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed values).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  7. Every value used carries FAO's flag E, which the file's codebook defines as "Estimated value".

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

What it covers

Geography
The world, countries and territories, and the European Union (27)
Gases combined with
AR5-GWP100
Land use, land-use change and forestry
included
Basis
FAOSTAT's six IPCC sectors: energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, land use, land-use change and forestry (net: emissions from deforestation, drained organic soils and fires minus the carbon taken up by existing forests, so it can be negative), waste and other. International aviation and shipping (bunker fuels) are not included. Agriculture and land use are FAO's own Tier 1 estimates; energy, industry, waste and other are PRIMAP-hist v2.7 third-party estimates, which count some territories inside their parent country (for example Bermuda in the United Kingdom, Greenland and the Faroe Islands in Denmark, Palestine in Israel, Puerto Rico in the United States). So such a parent country's energy, industry, waste and other emissions include those territories while its agriculture and land use do not, and for 28 territories in the October 2025 release FAO has no energy, industry, waste or other rows, so their total covers agriculture and land use only. Estimates, not country inventory submissions.
Unit
billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt CO₂e)