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Data

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector, all gases including land use

Each year's emissions of all greenhouse gases, in carbon dioxide equivalent, split into six sectors that do not overlap and add up to the total: energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, land use (net, which can be below zero where forests take up more carbon than land clearing releases), waste and other, as published by FAO for the world and each country since 1990. Food is not a seventh sector: its emissions run across agriculture, land use, energy, industry and waste. Where FAO publishes no row for a sector (28 territories in the October 2025 release, whose energy, industry and waste are counted in their parent country; Tokelau, Nauru and Tuvalu in part) the sector is left missing, never set to zero, so for those 28 territories the total is agriculture plus land use only. For 10 of them (American Samoa, the Channel Islands, Gibraltar, Greenland, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Norfolk Island, Pitcairn, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon) FAO prints agriculture, land use and the total as exactly 0 in some or all years, where it has no estimate. These territories' values are not comparable with countries'. International aviation and shipping are not included.

Latest value

38.79Gt CO₂e

The world, countries and territories, and the European Union (27), 2023. Version 2025-10-28.

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector, all gases including land use (billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent)

204 values from 1990 to 2023. Lines: Energy, Industrial processes and product use, Agriculture, Land use, land-use change and forestry (net), Waste.
Show as a table
Greenhouse gas emissions by sector, all gases including land use, every value
PeriodIPCC sectorValue (Gt CO₂e)Status
1990Energy23.63final
1991Energy24.15final
1992Energy23.85final
1993Energy24.01final
1994Energy24.07final
1995Energy24.53final
1996Energy25.18final
1997Energy25.29final
1998Energy25.11final
1999Energy25.59final
2000Energy26.31final
2001Energy26.37final
2002Energy26.79final
2003Energy28.25final
2004Energy29.23final
2005Energy30.13final
2006Energy31.06final
2007Energy31.77final
2008Energy32.57final
2009Energy32.08final
2010Energy33.71final
2011Energy34.86final
2012Energy35.37final
2013Energy35.41final
2014Energy35.69final
2015Energy35.79final
2016Energy35.73final
2017Energy36.37final
2018Energy37.21final
2019Energy37.65final
2020Energy35.73final
2021Energy37.50final
2022Energy38.23final
2023Energy38.79final
1990Industrial processes and product use1.62final
1991Industrial processes and product use1.63final
1992Industrial processes and product use1.64final
1993Industrial processes and product use1.65final
1994Industrial processes and product use1.73final
1995Industrial processes and product use1.82final
1996Industrial processes and product use1.87final
1997Industrial processes and product use1.93final
1998Industrial processes and product use1.93final
1999Industrial processes and product use1.97final
2000Industrial processes and product use2.07final
2001Industrial processes and product use2.09final
2002Industrial processes and product use2.20final
2003Industrial processes and product use2.36final
2004Industrial processes and product use2.52final
2005Industrial processes and product use2.68final
2006Industrial processes and product use2.84final
2007Industrial processes and product use3.00final
2008Industrial processes and product use2.97final
2009Industrial processes and product use2.97final
2010Industrial processes and product use3.18final
2011Industrial processes and product use3.38final
2012Industrial processes and product use3.48final
2013Industrial processes and product use3.64final
2014Industrial processes and product use3.82final
2015Industrial processes and product use3.70final
2016Industrial processes and product use3.81final
2017Industrial processes and product use3.92final
2018Industrial processes and product use4.05final
2019Industrial processes and product use4.21final
2020Industrial processes and product use4.29final
2021Industrial processes and product use4.43final
2022Industrial processes and product use4.38final
2023Industrial processes and product use4.43final
1990Agriculture5.16final
1991Agriculture5.14final
1992Agriculture5.12final
1993Agriculture5.09final
1994Agriculture5.13final
1995Agriculture5.19final
1996Agriculture5.22final
1997Agriculture5.14final
1998Agriculture5.20final
1999Agriculture5.25final
2000Agriculture5.25final
2001Agriculture5.25final
2002Agriculture5.31final
2003Agriculture5.31final
2004Agriculture5.42final
2005Agriculture5.45final
2006Agriculture5.51final
2007Agriculture5.59final
2008Agriculture5.60final
2009Agriculture5.60final
2010Agriculture5.65final
2011Agriculture5.78final
2012Agriculture5.81final
2013Agriculture5.75final
2014Agriculture5.80final
2015Agriculture5.82final
2016Agriculture5.86final
2017Agriculture5.95final
2018Agriculture5.92final
2019Agriculture5.91final
2020Agriculture6.04final
2021Agriculture6.09final
2022Agriculture6.11final
2023Agriculture6.24final
1990Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.31final
1991Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.31final
1992Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.31final
1993Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.31final
1994Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.31final
1995Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.32final
1996Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.12final
1997Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)3.12final
1998Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.44final
1999Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.24final
2000Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)2.08final
2001Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.18final
2002Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.71final
2003Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.40final
2004Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.78final
2005Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.49final
2006Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.86final
2007Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.32final
2008Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.27final
2009Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.67final
2010Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.35final
2011Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)−0.17final
2012Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)−0.14final
2013Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)−0.19final
2014Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.17final
2015Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.20final
2016Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.03final
2017Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)−0.02final
2018Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.15final
2019Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.43final
2020Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.02final
2021Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.25final
2022Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.20final
2023Land use, land-use change and forestry (net)0.47final
1990Waste1.27final
1991Waste1.29final
1992Waste1.31final
1993Waste1.32final
1994Waste1.33final
1995Waste1.35final
1996Waste1.36final
1997Waste1.37final
1998Waste1.37final
1999Waste1.38final
2000Waste1.39final
2001Waste1.38final
2002Waste1.39final
2003Waste1.41final
2004Waste1.43final
2005Waste1.45final
2006Waste1.48final
2007Waste1.51final
2008Waste1.52final
2009Waste1.53final
2010Waste1.55final
2011Waste1.58final
2012Waste1.60final
2013Waste1.63final
2014Waste1.66final
2015Waste1.70final
2016Waste1.73final
2017Waste1.77final
2018Waste1.81final
2019Waste1.84final
2020Waste1.87final
2021Waste1.91final
2022Waste1.95final
2023Waste1.98final
1990Other0.20final
1991Other0.20final
1992Other0.20final
1993Other0.20final
1994Other0.20final
1995Other0.20final
1996Other0.21final
1997Other0.19final
1998Other0.20final
1999Other0.20final
2000Other0.21final
2001Other0.20final
2002Other0.20final
2003Other0.20final
2004Other0.20final
2005Other0.20final
2006Other0.20final
2007Other0.21final
2008Other0.20final
2009Other0.20final
2010Other0.21final
2011Other0.21final
2012Other0.21final
2013Other0.20final
2014Other0.20final
2015Other0.20final
2016Other0.20final
2017Other0.20final
2018Other0.20final
2019Other0.20final
2020Other0.19final
2021Other0.20final
2022Other0.20final
2023Other0.20final
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions from Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025), The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7, doi:10.5281/zenodo.17090760, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; method in Gütschow et al. (2016), Earth System Science Data 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016. Changes: converted from kilotonnes to billion tonnes of CO₂-equivalent. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (inherited from PRIMAP-hist v2.7; FAO labels FAOSTAT CC BY 4.0).

Where it comes from

Producer
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors (with PRIMAP-hist v2.7)
Version
2025-10-28
File
https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Emissions_Totals_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip
Fetched
2026-10-04 (automatically), 20,501,708 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 d2c47e116553711f7c2fd6b62437db511038fd9bd9ec77815fa69ff7a18a89a9ETag "99a1f7889c9873df9bdb619a99572a1f-3" · Last-Modified Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions: Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Producer
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors (with PRIMAP-hist v2.7)
Version
2025-10-28
File
https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/datasets_E.json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 109,120 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 008f475c971a7770c69b1bc48f1c3a5fa8bf3873e762d6e1e9516bb0a700ebdaETag W/"157c9ec8e5eea09a02497cc10f67bcdb" · Last-Modified Mon, 05 Oct 2026 12:49:35 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions: Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

What was done to it

  1. Read Emissions_Totals_E_All_Data_(Normalized).csv from FAOSTAT's Emissions totals (GT) bulk zip. The vintage is the domain's DateUpdate, 28 October 2025, from FAOSTAT's bulk-download catalogue (datasets_E.json), whose entry names this zip and gives FileRows 2,500,090, the number of data rows in this file. The zip was last modified on the server on Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  2. Kept the "FAO TIER 1" rows of element "Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5)" (code 723113) for the six IPCC sector items "Energy" (6821), "IPPU" (6817), "IPCC Agriculture" (1711), "LULUCF" (1707), "Waste" (6818), "Other" (6819), in kilotonnes of CO₂-equivalent (IPCC AR5 100-year global warming potentials). Rows from FAO's "UNFCCC" source and the memo item "International bunkers" (6820) are not used.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  3. Kept each sector's values for the years in which FAO publishes the area's "All sectors with LULUCF" total (item 6825; 1990–2023 for the World), so the sectors of every published year make up a published total. 25,259 sector values of area-years without a total are left out, all from 1961–1989, before FAO's land-use and all-sector series begin.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  4. Checked in every area and year that the sectors present add up to "All sectors with LULUCF" within 0.001 kt (the rounding of the printed values); the transform stops otherwise.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  5. FAO publishes no row for some parts of some areas' all-sector totals. Those parts are left missing, never filled or set to zero, and the published total of those areas is the sum of the parts that exist. ASM, BMU, CHI, CYM, ESH, FLK, FRO, GIB, GLP, GRL, GUF, GUM, IMN, MSR, MTQ, MYT, NCL, NFK, PCN, PRI, PSE, PYF, REU, SJM, SPM, VIR, WLF: no Energy (item 6821 "Energy") (1990–2023); Industrial processes and product use (item 6817 "IPPU") (1990–2023); Waste (item 6818 "Waste") (1990–2023); Other (item 6819 "Other") (1990–2023). NRU, TUV: no Other (item 6819 "Other") (1990–2023). MNP: no Energy (item 6821 "Energy") (1991–2023); Industrial processes and product use (item 6817 "IPPU") (1991–2023); Waste (item 6818 "Waste") (1991–2023); Other (item 6819 "Other") (1991–2023). TKL: no Energy (item 6821 "Energy") (1990–2023); Other (item 6819 "Other") (1990–2023).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  6. FAO prints a "All sectors with LULUCF" total of exactly 0 kt, with every sector it prints for that area and year also 0, for 275 area-years of 10 territories: ASM 1990–2000, 2011–2023; CHI 1990–2023; GIB 2001–2023; GRL 1996–2001; GUM 1990–2010, 2016–2023; MNP 1991–2010, 2016–2023; NFK 1990–2023; PCN 1990–2023; SJM 1990–2023; SPM 1990–2015, 2021–2023. They are published as printed, not removed. Their totals cover agriculture and land use only, and a 0 there is where FAO has no estimate, so these values are not comparable with countries' totals.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  7. Left out former states and territories reported only before their dissolution, with no entity here (Belgium-Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia PDR, Netherlands Antilles (former), Pacific Islands Trust Territory, Sudan (former), USSR, Yugoslav SFR); FAO regional and analytical groups (Africa, Americas, Annex I countries, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Caribbean, Central America, Central Asia, China, Eastern Africa, Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, Europe, Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs), Latin America and the Caribbean, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), Melanesia, Micronesia, Middle Africa, Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs), Non-Annex I countries, Northern Africa, Northern America, Northern Europe, OECD, Oceania, Polynesia, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), South America, South-eastern Asia, Southern Africa, Southern Asia, Southern Europe, Western Africa, Western Asia, Western Europe). Their values are never re-assigned to other entities.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  8. Converted kilotonnes to billion tonnes by dividing by 1,000,000 (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed values).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  9. Every value used carries FAO's flag E, which the file's codebook defines as "Estimated value".

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

What it covers

Geography
The world, countries and territories, and the European Union (27)
Gases combined with
AR5-GWP100
Land use, land-use change and forestry
included
Basis
FAOSTAT's six IPCC sectors: energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, land use, land-use change and forestry (net: emissions from deforestation, drained organic soils and fires minus the carbon taken up by existing forests, so it can be negative), waste and other. International aviation and shipping (bunker fuels) are not included. Agriculture and land use are FAO's own Tier 1 estimates; energy, industry, waste and other are PRIMAP-hist v2.7 third-party estimates, which count some territories inside their parent country (for example Bermuda in the United Kingdom, Greenland and the Faroe Islands in Denmark, Palestine in Israel, Puerto Rico in the United States). So such a parent country's energy, industry, waste and other emissions include those territories while its agriculture and land use do not, and for 28 territories in the October 2025 release FAO has no energy, industry, waste or other rows, so their total covers agriculture and land use only. Estimates, not country inventory submissions.
Unit
billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt CO₂e)