International Energy Agency
Global Hydrogen Review 2025
The IEA's yearly review of hydrogen production, demand, trade, investment and policy. Chapter 2 states the cost gap in 2024 between low-emissions and conventional production of ammonia (European Union: around 25% with carbon capture and 120-220% from electrolysis; as little as 5% and 75-160% if a CO2 cost of USD 100 per tonne applied), methanol (China: around 70% with carbon capture and 160% from electrolysis, compared with unabated coal; India: 100% for electrolytic methanol compared with unabated natural gas) and steel (hydrogen direct reduced iron 50-140% above blast furnaces and 20-80% above unabated natural gas DRI, depending on the region). Values are quoted with their page.
Numbers published from it
Licence and credit
- What the terms say
“Subject to the IEA’s Notice for CC-licenced Content, this work is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.”
From the producer's terms, checked 2026-10-08; re-checked automatically every week.
- Credit we give
- IEA 2025; Global Hydrogen Review 2025, https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2025, License: CC BY 4.0
- Copy of the raw file
- Not allowed: we keep a private copy for our own checks and publish its fingerprint.
- Cite as
- IEA 2025; Global Hydrogen Review 2025, https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2025, License: CC BY 4.0
Files
The full report. Read: PDF pages 53 and 54 (printed pages 51 and 52, "The competitiveness of hydrogen technologies") and page 55 (Figure 2.9 and its notes).
https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a6c466dd-b6f0-44bd-a60a-6940eccfb1c3/GlobalHydrogenReview2025.pdf
Status
- Programme
- Annual (each September or October). The 2026 edition has been published; its cost-acceptability figures are images without data, so the 2025 edition's text statements are the ones used.
- Updates
- Annual (September or October)
- Last check
- Unchanged since the last fetch (2026-10-25T10:13:18Z)