Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) and Schalk Cloete (SINTEF Industry); published in Energy Conversion and Management (Elsevier)

Levelised cost of blue and green ammonia (Arnaiz del Pozo & Cloete 2022)

A techno-economic assessment of ammonia production. Two conventional natural-gas plants with CO2 capture (the KBR Purifier process and the Linde Ammonia Concept), the KBR plant without capture, an advanced blue plant (gas switching reforming, GSR) and an optimised green plant (wind and solar power, electrolysers, storage) share one ammonia synthesis loop and one cash-flow method, which gives the levelised cost of ammonia in euros per tonne (2020 euros, Western Europe cost basis). The natural-gas plants are costed at European energy prices with a CO2 tax of 100 euros per tonne; the green plants use technology costs for 2050 in northern Germany, southern Spain and Saudi Arabia. A modelled comparison, not market prices.

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Cost of making ammonia from natural gas and from wind and solar power (Arnaiz del Pozo & Cloete 2022)

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Licence: CC BY 4.0
What the terms say: “© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).”
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Credit we give: Arnaiz del Pozo, C. & Cloete, S. (2022). Techno-economic assessment of blue and green ammonia as energy carriers in a low-carbon future. Energy Conversion and Management 255, 115312. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115312. CC BY 4.0.
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Cite as: Arnaiz del Pozo, C. & Cloete, S. (2022). Techno-economic assessment of blue and green ammonia as energy carriers in a low-carbon future. Energy Conversion and Management 255, 115312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115312

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Version of record (17 pages) as deposited on the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid repository (oa.upm.es record 86025). The abstract and section 4 (pages 14-15) state the levelised cost of ammonia of every plant; Tables 3 to 5 (pages 8-9) give the cost basis (Western Europe, 2020 euros), the economic assumptions (natural gas 6.5 €/GJ, electricity 60 €/MWh, CO2 tax 100 €/ton, discount rate 8%, 25-year life) and the regional assumptions. 5,296,008 bytes.
https://oa.upm.es/86025/3/86025.pdf

Status

Programme: Published once (available online 5 February 2022; volume 255, March 2022); no update is planned.
Updates: One-off (published 2022)
Last check: Unchanged since the last fetch (2026-10-25T10:08:07Z)