{
  "attribution": "Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, 2025 report data: indicator 1.1.1 by A. J. Pershing and J. Giguere (attributable heatwave days) and by F. Tartarini and O. Jay (vulnerable populations); indicator 1.1.3 by C. Freyberg, B. Lemke and M. Otto; indicator 1.1.5 by J. Ballester, X. Basagaña and J. Ruiz-Cabrejos; indicator 1.2.1 by R. Hänninen, M. Sofiev and R. Kouznetsov; indicator 1.2.2 by M. Romanello and M. Walawender; indicator 1.2.3 by K. Minor and N. Obradovich; indicator 3.2.1 by G. Kiesewetter and S. Zhang. Romanello et al., The Lancet, 2025, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.",
  "description": "Average number of days a year on which daily precipitation at a place on land exceeded its local 1961–1990 99th percentile, for each year of 1961–1990 and 1995–2024, from the Lancet Countdown (indicator 1.2.3) using the ERA5-Land reanalysis. It counts days of heavy rainfall, not floods, and is not attributed to climate change. The workbook has no values for 1991–1994.",
  "dimensions": [],
  "display": {
    "decimals": 2
  },
  "geo_coverage": "global-only",
  "headline_entity": "WLD",
  "id": "rain.lancet-2025.extreme-events",
  "kind": "series",
  "latest": {
    "age_bp": null,
    "dims": {},
    "entity": "WLD",
    "period": "2024",
    "status": "final",
    "value": 4.96840408088483
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
    "spdx": "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"
  },
  "licence_class": "noncommercial",
  "notes": [],
  "notice": "Licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/): non-commercial use only, and anything built from these figures must be shared under the same licence. Indicators 1.1.1, 1.1.3, 1.1.5 and 1.2.3 are computed from ERA5 or ERA5-Land and contain modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2025; neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. Indicator 1.2.2 is computed from the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas).",
  "origins": [
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "extreme-precipitation-1-2-3", "bytes": 122480, "citation_full": "Romanello M, Walawender M, Hsu S-C, et al. The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change. Lancet 2025; published online Oct 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1.", "date_accessed": "2026-10-12", "date_published": "2025-10-29", "doi": "10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1", "etag": "\"1de70-6425ae20b4e0e\"", "last_modified": "Thu, 30 Oct 2025 07:06:07 GMT", "licence": {"name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "spdx": "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"}, "producer": "Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change (led by University College London)", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/279a4c3c331e29808fbadd715ab276ec9f7da624d2538e302b2444dc638e6f3b.zst", "sha256": "279a4c3c331e29808fbadd715ab276ec9f7da624d2538e302b2444dc638e6f3b", "source_id": "lancet-countdown-2025", "title": "Lancet Countdown 2025: heat, wildfire smoke, drought, extreme rain and deaths from air pollution", "url_download": "https://lancetcountdown.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Indicator-1.2.3_Data-Download_2025-Lancet-Countdown-Report-1.xlsx", "url_main": "https://lancetcountdown.org/explore-our-data/", "version_producer": "2025 report", "wayback_url": null}
  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "description": "Read the column 'Avg count extreme events' of the sheet '2025 Report Data_Event_Global' of the indicator 1.2.3 (extreme precipitation) workbook of the Lancet Countdown 2025 report: the land-area-weighted average count of daily precipitation events above the 1961–1990 99th percentile, for each year of 1961–1990 and 1995–2024, published as in the workbook.",
      "inputs": ["279a4c3c331e29808fbadd715ab276ec9f7da624d2538e302b2444dc638e6f3b"],
      "lock_sha256": "540d352a2533554fbfd8f392b6bae78d1f9332effe729c06b520b2a630450330",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/impacts/lancet_countdown.py",
      "transform_sha256": "fecaf0b937e79c603aff048f9e171264dc0149558bfc33af2187250a8609cab9"
    },
    {
      "description": "The workbook has no values for 1991–1994, and none are published. The sheet of land shares with more or fewer events is not published (irregular nine- or ten-year windows, values stored as fractions under a '%' heading).",
      "inputs": ["279a4c3c331e29808fbadd715ab276ec9f7da624d2538e302b2444dc638e6f3b"],
      "lock_sha256": "540d352a2533554fbfd8f392b6bae78d1f9332effe729c06b520b2a630450330",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/impacts/lancet_countdown.py",
      "transform_sha256": "fecaf0b937e79c603aff048f9e171264dc0149558bfc33af2187250a8609cab9"
    }
  ],
  "published_value": null,
  "schema_version": 1,
  "scope": {
    "baseline": null,
    "basis": "Daily precipitation from the ERA5-Land reanalysis (grid cells of about 79 square kilometres), which does not directly assimilate rain-gauge data. An event is a day above the cell's 1961–1990 99th percentile; counts are averaged over land, weighted by area. The producer publishes only the baseline years 1961–1990 and the 30 recent years 1995–2024.",
    "bunkers": null,
    "geography": "World land",
    "gwp": null,
    "lulucf": null
  },
  "superseded_by": null,
  "table": {
    "dims": {},
    "entity": ["WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD"],
    "period": ["1961", "1962", "1963", "1964", "1965", "1966", "1967", "1968", "1969", "1970", "1971", "1972", "1973", "1974", "1975", "1976", "1977", "1978", "1979", "1980", "1981", "1982", "1983", "1984", "1985", "1986", "1987", "1988", "1989", "1990", "1995", "1996", "1997", "1998", "1999", "2000", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022", "2023", "2024"],
    "status": ["final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final"],
    "value": [3.33440949301272, 3.42407116146822, 3.92051355055673, 3.78084657896332, 3.26450682331288, 3.30348404310581, 3.78233603483652, 3.44081074257611, 3.64760915207085, 3.41431432299197, 3.40631403551619, 3.69539424140844, 3.72707910573546, 3.80102898200274, 3.61411767888195, 3.6518697624188, 3.75579761857214, 3.85465301898135, 3.77535128163559, 3.81795058289063, 3.88013646842269, 3.74659222807714, 3.67125577258207, 3.66005412743564, 3.67741684497419, 3.81482980591055, 3.57210222333996, 4.17112074695215, 3.73072969629561, 3.66327515812041, 4.00004697321568, 3.95166053180413, 4.07017004290212, 4.23250338864288, 3.96607448253526, 3.80297028876872, 3.56651361089329, 3.6609443499476, 3.68939919469781, 3.73392290108315, 3.88529804072327, 3.8888788115004, 3.90337662403372, 3.94120116883192, 3.76184205399583, 4.30770583918771, 4.19636396788745, 3.76559493554711, 4.16186367831278, 3.93442715706475, 4.05905835481441, 4.27780051435761, 4.19577735796882, 4.20537560975216, 4.14639374424619, 4.49300082540416, 4.19300702352475, 4.46310531012172, 4.28695925860955, 4.96840408088483]
  },
  "time_basis": "calendar",
  "title": "Days of extreme rainfall per year over land, world",
  "unit": {
    "code": "days",
    "label": "days per year above the local 1961–1990 99th percentile of daily precipitation, average over land",
    "short": "days"
  },
  "vintage": "2025 report"
}