{
  "attribution": "IEA 2025; Global Hydrogen Review 2025, https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2025, License: CC BY 4.0",
  "description": "How much more it cost to produce low-emissions ammonia than conventional ammonia from unabated natural gas in the European Union in 2024, as the IEA states it: around 25 percent more with carbon capture and about 120 to 220 percent more from electrolysis; as little as 5 percent and 75 to 160 percent more if a CO2 cost of USD 100 per tonne applied.",
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  "headline_entity": "EU27",
  "id": "green-premium.iea-ghr-2025.ammonia",
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    "dims": {
      "bound": "low",
      "co2_cost": "none",
      "route": "electrolysis"
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    "entity": "EU27",
    "period": "2024",
    "status": "final",
    "value": 120.0
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0, subject to the IEA Notice for CC-licensed Content",
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  "notes": ["Chapter 2, the competitiveness of hydrogen technologies (ammonia), p. 51: \"In the European Union for instance, the cost gap is around 25% for CCUS and ranges around 120-220% for electrolysis.\"", "Chapter 2, the competitiveness of hydrogen technologies (ammonia), p. 51: \"This could reduce the cost gap to as little as 5% for CCUS, and 75-160% for electrolysis, assuming a CO2 cost of USD 100/t.\""],
  "notice": null,
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      "description": "Read the text of the PDF (sha256 94f2912332e1…). Found each of the 2 quoted statement(s) word for word on PDF page(s) 53, and the 3 context sentence(s) the scope relies on, before publishing.",
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    "locator": "Chapter 2, the competitiveness of hydrogen technologies (ammonia), p. 51",
    "quote": "In the European Union for instance, the cost gap is around 25% for CCUS and ranges around 120-220% for electrolysis."
  },
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  "scope": {
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    "basis": "Ammonia made with carbon capture or by electrolysis, compared with conventional (unabated natural gas-based) ammonia. Levelised cost of production in 2024 (the text's present tense, matching Figure 2.9, 'Levelised cost of production of selected materials by technology, 2024'), IEA analysis. Energy costs are regional end-user prices for industry including taxes and charges; no explicit financial support, though support embedded in cost components (such as fossil fuel subsidies) may be included (figure note). The 'with a CO2 cost' values assume USD 100 per tonne of CO2, the figure's carbon tax case.",
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  "vintage": "Global Hydrogen Review 2025 (IEA, September 2025; revised October 2025)"
}