{
  "attribution": "IEA 2026; Energy Technology Perspectives 2026, https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2026, License: CC BY 4.0",
  "description": "How much more the IEA expects low-emissions urea fertiliser to cost to produce in Japan than conventional urea in 2035 under today's policies: about 80 percent more when the low-emissions ammonia in it is made in Japan, and 55 percent more when that ammonia is imported from the Middle East. Carbon pricing is included in the costs.",
  "dimensions": [
    {
      "id": "supply",
      "label": "Where the low-emissions ammonia is made",
      "values": [
        {"id": "domestic", "label": "Made in Japan (domestic value chain)"},
        {"id": "imported-ammonia", "label": "Imported low-emissions ammonia from the Middle East"}
      ]
    }
  ],
  "display": {
    "decimals": 0
  },
  "geo_coverage": "country",
  "headline_entity": "JPN",
  "id": "green-premium.iea-etp-2026.urea",
  "kind": "published-value",
  "latest": {
    "age_bp": null,
    "dims": {
      "supply": "domestic"
    },
    "entity": "JPN",
    "period": "2035",
    "status": "projection",
    "value": 80.0
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0, subject to the IEA Notice for CC-licensed Content",
    "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  },
  "licence_class": "open",
  "notes": ["Chapter 1, question on supply chains, pp. 72-73: \"Similarly, Japan faces rising costs in adopting near-zero emissions production, primarily as a result of high energy costs due to geographical constraints. Its competitive advantage, however, lies in value-added industries further down the supply chain. The Middle East, by contrast, benefits from abundant renewable energy resources, making low-emissions ammonia imports from this region a more cost-effective option for Japan; urea cost premiums would fall from approximately 80% to 55%.\""],
  "notice": null,
  "origins": [
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  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "description": "Read the text of the PDF (sha256 c4880aa007fc…). Found each of the 1 quoted statement(s) word for word on PDF page(s) 72, 73, and the 3 context sentence(s) the scope relies on, before publishing.",
      "inputs": ["c4880aa007fcb05e771e75c21ec48ad8038e98570a0d4ab554440d14232c095b"],
      "lock_sha256": "540d352a2533554fbfd8f392b6bae78d1f9332effe729c06b520b2a630450330",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/action/green_premium.py",
      "transform_sha256": "c2e591e4a0510a3d98f06c52a7bc77fa5e0b4c6d26cf010ec6c7d63920ed91c7"
    },
    {
      "description": "Published each number exactly as printed, with its statement in the value's note. A range 'A-B%' is published as its low end A and high end B (dimension 'bound'); nothing was computed, rounded or combined with any other source.",
      "inputs": ["c4880aa007fcb05e771e75c21ec48ad8038e98570a0d4ab554440d14232c095b"],
      "lock_sha256": "540d352a2533554fbfd8f392b6bae78d1f9332effe729c06b520b2a630450330",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/action/green_premium.py",
      "transform_sha256": "c2e591e4a0510a3d98f06c52a7bc77fa5e0b4c6d26cf010ec6c7d63920ed91c7"
    },
    {
      "description": "The sentence's 'from approximately 80% to 55%' is read as the premium of the domestic value chain (80) and of the case with low-emissions ammonia imported from the Middle East (55), the comparison the sentence makes.",
      "inputs": ["c4880aa007fcb05e771e75c21ec48ad8038e98570a0d4ab554440d14232c095b"],
      "lock_sha256": "540d352a2533554fbfd8f392b6bae78d1f9332effe729c06b520b2a630450330",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/action/green_premium.py",
      "transform_sha256": "c2e591e4a0510a3d98f06c52a7bc77fa5e0b4c6d26cf010ec6c7d63920ed91c7"
    }
  ],
  "published_value": {
    "document": "iea-etp-2026",
    "locator": "Chapter 1, question on supply chains, pp. 72-73",
    "quote": "Similarly, Japan faces rising costs in adopting near-zero emissions production, primarily as a result of high energy costs due to geographical constraints. Its competitive advantage, however, lies in value-added industries further down the supply chain. The Middle East, by contrast, benefits from abundant renewable energy resources, making low-emissions ammonia imports from this region a more cost-effective option for Japan; urea cost premiums would fall from approximately 80% to 55%."
  },
  "schema_version": 1,
  "scope": {
    "baseline": null,
    "basis": "Levelised cost of producing urea in Japan in 2035 in the IEA's Stated Policies Scenario (Figure 1.17), relative to conventional domestic production: the ammonia step by electrolysis compared with conventional steam methane reforming, biogenic CO2 for the low-emissions case. The cost of carbon pricing is included (figure note). 'Approximately' applies to the domestic value. Projection.",
    "bunkers": null,
    "geography": "Japan",
    "gwp": null,
    "lulucf": null
  },
  "superseded_by": null,
  "table": {
    "dims": {
      "supply": ["domestic", "imported-ammonia"]
    },
    "entity": ["JPN", "JPN"],
    "note": [0, 0],
    "period": ["2035", "2035"],
    "status": ["projection", "projection"],
    "value": [80.0, 55.0]
  },
  "time_basis": "calendar",
  "title": "Extra cost of low-emissions urea in Japan in 2035 (IEA)",
  "unit": {
    "code": "percent",
    "label": "percent more than the conventional route",
    "short": "%"
  },
  "vintage": "Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 (IEA, March 2026; revised April and July 2026)"
}