{
  "attribution": "Friedlingstein et al. (2026), Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data 18, 3211–3288, doi:10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026. CC BY 4.0.",
  "description": "The Global Carbon Project's projection that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry grew by 1.0 percent from 2024 to 2025 (range 0.2 to 1.7 percent), made from data for part of 2025.",
  "dimensions": [],
  "display": {
    "decimals": 1
  },
  "geo_coverage": "global-only",
  "headline_entity": "WLD",
  "id": "emissions.gcb-2025.fossil-growth-2025-projection",
  "kind": "published-value",
  "latest": {
    "age_bp": null,
    "dims": {},
    "entity": "WLD",
    "period": "2025",
    "status": "projection",
    "value": 1.0
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  },
  "licence_class": "open",
  "notes": [],
  "notice": null,
  "origins": [
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "article-pdf", "bytes": 13426392, "citation_full": "Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L. M., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J. R., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G. R., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 3211–3288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026, 2026.", "date_accessed": "2026-10-04", "date_published": null, "doi": "10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026", "etag": "\"ccded8-65af2497bdb07\"", "last_modified": "Tue, 08 Sep 2026 05:48:41 GMT", "licence": {"name": "CC BY 4.0", "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}, "producer": "Global Carbon Project; published by Copernicus Publications in Earth System Science Data", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/166e10a66b4dfb1e3396be57dc0596a9e3de6c17a293a2f0b933d5f30572df12.zst", "sha256": "166e10a66b4dfb1e3396be57dc0596a9e3de6c17a293a2f0b933d5f30572df12", "source_id": "gcb-2025-essd", "title": "Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Friedlingstein et al. 2026, Earth System Science Data)", "url_download": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/18/3211/2026/essd-18-3211-2026.pdf", "url_main": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026", "version_producer": "Global Carbon Budget 2025 (ESSD 18, 3211–3288, 2026)", "wayback_url": null}
  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "description": "Quoted from Executive summary, p. 3215. The quote was found in the text of page 5 of the snapshot (sha256 166e10a66b4d…) before publishing.",
      "inputs": ["166e10a66b4dfb1e3396be57dc0596a9e3de6c17a293a2f0b933d5f30572df12"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/literature.py",
      "transform_sha256": "a5b5e1344e63f00f27104797d126b6a018b61af35ce032fb5e665703d5e05132"
    },
    {
      "description": "Value: \"increase in 2025 by 1.0 % relative to 2024\" is published as +1.0 percent for 2025. The paper's range (0.2 % to 1.7 %) is stated in the scope, not published as values.",
      "inputs": ["166e10a66b4dfb1e3396be57dc0596a9e3de6c17a293a2f0b933d5f30572df12"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/literature.py",
      "transform_sha256": "a5b5e1344e63f00f27104797d126b6a018b61af35ce032fb5e665703d5e05132"
    }
  ],
  "published_value": {
    "document": "gcb-2025-essd",
    "locator": "Executive summary, p. 3215",
    "quote": "Global fossil CO₂ emissions (including cement carbonation) are expected to further increase in 2025 by 1.0 % relative to 2024 (range 0.2 % to 1.7 %)"
  },
  "schema_version": 1,
  "scope": {
    "baseline": null,
    "basis": "Fossil fuels and industry including the cement carbonation sink (net), with international aviation and shipping. The paper states that its growth rates are adjusted for the extra day in the leap year 2024. A projection from preliminary data for 2025; the paper gives the range 0.2 to 1.7 percent.",
    "bunkers": "included",
    "geography": "World",
    "gwp": null,
    "lulucf": "excluded"
  },
  "superseded_by": null,
  "table": {
    "dims": {},
    "entity": ["WLD"],
    "period": ["2025"],
    "status": ["projection"],
    "value": [1.0]
  },
  "time_basis": "calendar",
  "title": "Projected change in fossil carbon dioxide emissions, 2024 to 2025 (Global Carbon Budget)",
  "unit": {
    "code": "percent",
    "label": "percent change from 2024",
    "short": "%"
  },
  "vintage": "Global Carbon Budget 2025 (ESSD 18, 3211–3288, 2026)"
}