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Annual mean temperature by country (ERA5, World Bank CCKP)

Average near-surface air temperature over each country's area for every year since 1950, in degrees Celsius, from the ERA5 reanalysis as aggregated by the World Bank's Climate Change Knowledge Portal. These are reanalysis averages over the whole country, not weather-station records; World is the global average of the same reanalysis.

Latest value

15.0°C

Each country or territory as drawn by the World Bank's official boundaries (an area-weighted mean of the 0.25° grid cells inside it); World is CCKP's global aggregate of the same grid., 2025. Version era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05.

Annual mean temperature by country (ERA5, World Bank CCKP) (degrees Celsius)

76 values from 1950 to 2025.
Show as a table
Annual mean temperature by country (ERA5, World Bank CCKP), every value
PeriodValue (°C)Status
195013.6final
195113.7final
195213.7final
195313.8final
195413.6final
195513.6final
195613.5final
195713.8final
195813.8final
195913.8final
196013.8final
196113.8final
196213.8final
196313.8final
196413.6final
196513.7final
196613.7final
196713.8final
196813.7final
196913.8final
197013.8final
197113.6final
197213.8final
197313.9final
197413.6final
197513.6final
197613.6final
197713.9final
197813.8final
197914.0final
198014.1final
198114.1final
198213.9final
198314.1final
198413.9final
198513.9final
198613.9final
198714.1final
198814.1final
198914.0final
199014.2final
199114.2final
199214.0final
199314.0final
199414.0final
199514.2final
199614.1final
199714.2final
199814.4final
199914.1final
200014.1final
200114.3final
200214.4final
200314.4final
200414.3final
200514.5final
200614.4final
200714.4final
200814.3final
200914.4final
201014.5final
201114.4final
201214.4final
201314.4final
201414.5final
201514.6final
201614.8final
201714.7final
201814.6final
201914.8final
202014.8final
202114.7final
202214.7final
202315.0final
202415.1final
202515.0final
The World Bank: Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree (doi:10.57966/128g-6s70): Copernicus Climate Change Service ERA5. The World Bank: Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree (doi:10.57966/b54h-7s87): CMIP6 multi-model ensemble (World Climate Research Programme). CC BY 4.0 with the World Bank Dataset Terms.

Where it comes from

Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_timeseries_tas_timeseries_annual_1950-2025_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/all_countries?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 295,983 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 62effa974e359adb02b6e4346d385997af9987a9437e31d58cf0f433cf364824
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87
Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_timeseries_tas_timeseries_annual_1950-2025_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/global?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 1,289 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 589d54de415a9c6f6f7a8fdc67b913b9afcf5e147cdfd58cbce54e0c404efe7f
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87
Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_climatology_tas_climatology_annual_1991-2020_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/all_countries?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 5,912 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 8b34b2306902cb994e25c3a0cd76f20a185dd09206f36c209db9043006c6b1cc
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87
Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_climatology_tas_climatology_annual_1991-2020_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/global?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 101 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 ac58ff0206fa4b1fad2e3ac66916c1209e793d4923393499f2defabdd3364792
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87

What was done to it

  1. Read CCKP's ERA5 0.25° annual mean near-surface air temperature for every country and territory and for the globe, 1950–2025 (absolute °C; CCKP stamps each year's value "YYYY-07", read as the year).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/country/cckp.py · code sha256 5cfdd50878c9ffae… · inputs 62effa974e35… 589d54de415a… 8b34b2306902… ac58ff0206fa…

  2. Mapped CCKP's codes to the site's entities: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 codes as they are, KSV (CCKP's code for Kosovo) to KOS and GLOBAL to WLD. Every CCKP area is published, including the overseas territories Natural Earth draws inside another country (envdash/geo.py EXTRA_TERRITORIES).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/country/cckp.py · code sha256 5cfdd50878c9ffae… · inputs 62effa974e35… 589d54de415a… 8b34b2306902… ac58ff0206fa…

What it covers

Geography
Each country or territory as drawn by the World Bank's official boundaries (an area-weighted mean of the 0.25° grid cells inside it); World is CCKP's global aggregate of the same grid.
Basis
Absolute temperature (not an anomaly). ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), 2 m air temperature, annual mean, aggregated by CCKP.
Unit
degrees Celsius (°C)