Data
Tree cover lost each year, by what drove it
Hectares of tree cover lost each year since 2001, worldwide and in each country, split by the dominant driver of loss in each square kilometre: permanent agriculture, mining and energy, shifting cultivation, logging, wildfire, settlements and infrastructure, other natural disturbances, or unknown (WRI and Google DeepMind).
Latest value
5,728,093ha
Countries and territories (GADM's country codes, mapped to ISO 3166-1) and the world, which also includes areas GADM codes separately (XAD, Z01, Z06, Z07)., 2025. Version GFC-2025-v1.13, WRI table gadm__tcl__iso_change v20260424.
Tree cover lost each year, by what drove it (hectares)
Tree cover lost each year, by what drove it (hectares)
Show as a table
| Period | Driver | Value (ha) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Permanent agriculture | 5,226,765 | final |
| 2002 | Permanent agriculture | 6,058,900 | final |
| 2003 | Permanent agriculture | 5,376,986 | final |
| 2004 | Permanent agriculture | 7,107,285 | final |
| 2005 | Permanent agriculture | 7,015,916 | final |
| 2006 | Permanent agriculture | 6,373,812 | final |
| 2007 | Permanent agriculture | 6,805,989 | final |
| 2008 | Permanent agriculture | 6,910,000 | final |
| 2009 | Permanent agriculture | 7,128,415 | final |
| 2010 | Permanent agriculture | 7,316,546 | final |
| 2011 | Permanent agriculture | 6,565,878 | final |
| 2012 | Permanent agriculture | 8,351,320 | final |
| 2013 | Permanent agriculture | 5,776,978 | final |
| 2014 | Permanent agriculture | 7,834,261 | final |
| 2015 | Permanent agriculture | 6,005,136 | final |
| 2016 | Permanent agriculture | 9,138,863 | final |
| 2017 | Permanent agriculture | 9,176,258 | final |
| 2018 | Permanent agriculture | 7,314,447 | final |
| 2019 | Permanent agriculture | 6,794,960 | final |
| 2020 | Permanent agriculture | 6,844,243 | final |
| 2021 | Permanent agriculture | 6,649,785 | final |
| 2022 | Permanent agriculture | 6,921,111 | final |
| 2023 | Permanent agriculture | 7,007,805 | final |
| 2024 | Permanent agriculture | 6,849,877 | final |
| 2025 | Permanent agriculture | 5,728,093 | final |
| 2001 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 69,339 | final |
| 2002 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 84,100 | final |
| 2003 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 63,416 | final |
| 2004 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 107,122 | final |
| 2005 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 117,769 | final |
| 2006 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 130,597 | final |
| 2007 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 164,549 | final |
| 2008 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 164,154 | final |
| 2009 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 183,434 | final |
| 2010 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 177,650 | final |
| 2011 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 209,586 | final |
| 2012 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 271,602 | final |
| 2013 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 160,694 | final |
| 2014 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 265,718 | final |
| 2015 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 198,770 | final |
| 2016 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 291,901 | final |
| 2017 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 301,801 | final |
| 2018 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 262,485 | final |
| 2019 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 247,454 | final |
| 2020 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 243,286 | final |
| 2021 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 243,236 | final |
| 2022 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 271,173 | final |
| 2023 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 318,342 | final |
| 2024 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 306,904 | final |
| 2025 | Mining and energy (hard commodities) | 282,238 | final |
| 2001 | Shifting cultivation | 955,014 | final |
| 2002 | Shifting cultivation | 1,057,450 | final |
| 2003 | Shifting cultivation | 704,349 | final |
| 2004 | Shifting cultivation | 919,731 | final |
| 2005 | Shifting cultivation | 977,886 | final |
| 2006 | Shifting cultivation | 1,026,490 | final |
| 2007 | Shifting cultivation | 1,119,246 | final |
| 2008 | Shifting cultivation | 1,038,841 | final |
| 2009 | Shifting cultivation | 1,381,189 | final |
| 2010 | Shifting cultivation | 1,417,776 | final |
| 2011 | Shifting cultivation | 1,006,417 | final |
| 2012 | Shifting cultivation | 1,357,916 | final |
| 2013 | Shifting cultivation | 2,398,525 | final |
| 2014 | Shifting cultivation | 3,116,839 | final |
| 2015 | Shifting cultivation | 2,687,850 | final |
| 2016 | Shifting cultivation | 3,714,669 | final |
| 2017 | Shifting cultivation | 3,972,292 | final |
| 2018 | Shifting cultivation | 3,297,577 | final |
| 2019 | Shifting cultivation | 3,063,057 | final |
| 2020 | Shifting cultivation | 3,221,712 | final |
| 2021 | Shifting cultivation | 2,869,894 | final |
| 2022 | Shifting cultivation | 2,792,236 | final |
| 2023 | Shifting cultivation | 3,115,576 | final |
| 2024 | Shifting cultivation | 2,976,546 | final |
| 2025 | Shifting cultivation | 2,738,116 | final |
| 2001 | Logging | 4,106,757 | final |
| 2002 | Logging | 4,181,744 | final |
| 2003 | Logging | 3,431,066 | final |
| 2004 | Logging | 5,538,019 | final |
| 2005 | Logging | 5,493,666 | final |
| 2006 | Logging | 5,376,798 | final |
| 2007 | Logging | 5,665,695 | final |
| 2008 | Logging | 5,610,211 | final |
| 2009 | Logging | 4,868,110 | final |
| 2010 | Logging | 5,405,657 | final |
| 2011 | Logging | 5,003,558 | final |
| 2012 | Logging | 5,838,048 | final |
| 2013 | Logging | 4,679,269 | final |
| 2014 | Logging | 5,467,791 | final |
| 2015 | Logging | 5,047,330 | final |
| 2016 | Logging | 6,689,231 | final |
| 2017 | Logging | 6,904,266 | final |
| 2018 | Logging | 6,340,506 | final |
| 2019 | Logging | 6,129,458 | final |
| 2020 | Logging | 5,785,273 | final |
| 2021 | Logging | 5,761,758 | final |
| 2022 | Logging | 5,614,556 | final |
| 2023 | Logging | 5,399,126 | final |
| 2024 | Logging | 5,181,233 | final |
| 2025 | Logging | 5,083,426 | final |
| 2001 | Wildfire | 2,534,938 | final |
| 2002 | Wildfire | 4,603,182 | final |
| 2003 | Wildfire | 4,556,346 | final |
| 2004 | Wildfire | 5,637,215 | final |
| 2005 | Wildfire | 3,922,385 | final |
| 2006 | Wildfire | 4,187,903 | final |
| 2007 | Wildfire | 3,997,966 | final |
| 2008 | Wildfire | 4,303,972 | final |
| 2009 | Wildfire | 2,875,453 | final |
| 2010 | Wildfire | 3,606,691 | final |
| 2011 | Wildfire | 4,238,523 | final |
| 2012 | Wildfire | 6,954,795 | final |
| 2013 | Wildfire | 7,158,223 | final |
| 2014 | Wildfire | 6,456,252 | final |
| 2015 | Wildfire | 5,270,348 | final |
| 2016 | Wildfire | 9,024,659 | final |
| 2017 | Wildfire | 7,623,268 | final |
| 2018 | Wildfire | 6,358,546 | final |
| 2019 | Wildfire | 7,400,038 | final |
| 2020 | Wildfire | 9,100,309 | final |
| 2021 | Wildfire | 9,263,441 | final |
| 2022 | Wildfire | 6,772,612 | final |
| 2023 | Wildfire | 11,988,137 | final |
| 2024 | Wildfire | 13,770,619 | final |
| 2025 | Wildfire | 11,052,222 | final |
| 2001 | Settlements and infrastructure | 166,913 | final |
| 2002 | Settlements and infrastructure | 165,280 | final |
| 2003 | Settlements and infrastructure | 144,017 | final |
| 2004 | Settlements and infrastructure | 231,033 | final |
| 2005 | Settlements and infrastructure | 235,808 | final |
| 2006 | Settlements and infrastructure | 244,855 | final |
| 2007 | Settlements and infrastructure | 249,174 | final |
| 2008 | Settlements and infrastructure | 228,560 | final |
| 2009 | Settlements and infrastructure | 202,435 | final |
| 2010 | Settlements and infrastructure | 204,803 | final |
| 2011 | Settlements and infrastructure | 180,782 | final |
| 2012 | Settlements and infrastructure | 204,174 | final |
| 2013 | Settlements and infrastructure | 138,039 | final |
| 2014 | Settlements and infrastructure | 188,828 | final |
| 2015 | Settlements and infrastructure | 150,980 | final |
| 2016 | Settlements and infrastructure | 235,091 | final |
| 2017 | Settlements and infrastructure | 271,359 | final |
| 2018 | Settlements and infrastructure | 204,144 | final |
| 2019 | Settlements and infrastructure | 194,619 | final |
| 2020 | Settlements and infrastructure | 188,876 | final |
| 2021 | Settlements and infrastructure | 189,004 | final |
| 2022 | Settlements and infrastructure | 187,224 | final |
| 2023 | Settlements and infrastructure | 165,734 | final |
| 2024 | Settlements and infrastructure | 167,994 | final |
| 2025 | Settlements and infrastructure | 175,083 | final |
| 2001 | Other natural disturbances | 174,969 | final |
| 2002 | Other natural disturbances | 202,400 | final |
| 2003 | Other natural disturbances | 133,163 | final |
| 2004 | Other natural disturbances | 263,390 | final |
| 2005 | Other natural disturbances | 243,399 | final |
| 2006 | Other natural disturbances | 220,142 | final |
| 2007 | Other natural disturbances | 291,694 | final |
| 2008 | Other natural disturbances | 260,939 | final |
| 2009 | Other natural disturbances | 253,264 | final |
| 2010 | Other natural disturbances | 312,723 | final |
| 2011 | Other natural disturbances | 273,240 | final |
| 2012 | Other natural disturbances | 359,988 | final |
| 2013 | Other natural disturbances | 211,175 | final |
| 2014 | Other natural disturbances | 296,740 | final |
| 2015 | Other natural disturbances | 218,202 | final |
| 2016 | Other natural disturbances | 528,559 | final |
| 2017 | Other natural disturbances | 1,070,725 | final |
| 2018 | Other natural disturbances | 940,347 | final |
| 2019 | Other natural disturbances | 310,932 | final |
| 2020 | Other natural disturbances | 379,852 | final |
| 2021 | Other natural disturbances | 259,137 | final |
| 2022 | Other natural disturbances | 225,597 | final |
| 2023 | Other natural disturbances | 243,013 | final |
| 2024 | Other natural disturbances | 318,013 | final |
| 2025 | Other natural disturbances | 439,551 | final |
| 2001 | Unknown | 118,489 | final |
| 2002 | Unknown | 98,085 | final |
| 2003 | Unknown | 64,899 | final |
| 2004 | Unknown | 103,736 | final |
| 2005 | Unknown | 90,002 | final |
| 2006 | Unknown | 88,592 | final |
| 2007 | Unknown | 92,110 | final |
| 2008 | Unknown | 93,065 | final |
| 2009 | Unknown | 98,422 | final |
| 2010 | Unknown | 110,568 | final |
| 2011 | Unknown | 99,783 | final |
| 2012 | Unknown | 192,787 | final |
| 2013 | Unknown | 118,837 | final |
| 2014 | Unknown | 105,008 | final |
| 2015 | Unknown | 42,223 | final |
| 2016 | Unknown | 50,847 | final |
| 2017 | Unknown | 56,750 | final |
| 2018 | Unknown | 30,695 | final |
| 2019 | Unknown | 32,166 | final |
| 2020 | Unknown | 37,560 | final |
| 2021 | Unknown | 34,213 | final |
| 2022 | Unknown | 31,791 | final |
| 2023 | Unknown | 15,613 | final |
| 2024 | Unknown | 21,292 | final |
| 2025 | Unknown | 29,826 | final |
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA (Global Forest Change v1.13), accessed through Global Nature Watch (WRI table gadm__tcl__iso_change v20260424) on 2026-10-05. Tree cover loss due to fire: UMD/GLAD (Tyukavina et al. 2022). Tree cover loss by dominant driver: WRI/Google DeepMind (Sims et al. 2025). Primary humid tropical forest: Turubanova et al. (2018). CC BY 4.0. Changes: Summed WRI's country table by country and year at a tree canopy cover in 2000 of at least 30 percent; world totals of primary forest loss and of loss by driver summed by Environment Dashboard. CC BY 4.0.
Where it comes from
- Producer
- University of Maryland GLAD lab with Google, USGS and NASA; tabulated and served by World Resources Institute · Tree cover loss, Global Forest Change v1.13 (via Global Nature Watch)
- Version
- GFC-2025-v1.13, WRI table gadm__tcl__iso_change v20260424
- Fetched
- 2026-10-05 (automatically), 1,620 bytes
- Fingerprint
- sha256 79b791bcb241093320fc0e6297babf3c468e58027c31dc8213c328f68c46053e
- Copies
- No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
- Cite the producer
- Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. 2013. High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change. Science 342 (15 November): 850-53. Data available on-line from: https://glad.earthengine.app/view/global-forest-change. Sims, M.J., R. Stanimirova, A. Raichuk, M. Neumann, J. Richter, F. Follett, J. MacCarthy, K. Lister, C. Randle, L. Sloat, E. Esipova, J. Jupiter, C. Stanton, D. Morris, C. M. Slay, D. Purves, and N. Harris. 2025. "Global Drivers of Forest Loss at 1 Km Resolution." Environmental Research Letters 20 (7): 074027. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/add606.
- Producer
- University of Maryland GLAD lab with Google, USGS and NASA; tabulated and served by World Resources Institute · Tree cover loss, Global Forest Change v1.13 (via Global Nature Watch)
- Version
- GFC-2025-v1.13, WRI table gadm__tcl__iso_change v20260424
- Fetched
- 2026-10-05 (automatically), 1,703,978 bytes
- Fingerprint
- sha256 2e9dfe9bb94ea744f5f4178fe292ffacc0173caf50609cd1f9981106374a6c63
- Copies
- No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
- Cite the producer
- Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. 2013. High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change. Science 342 (15 November): 850-53. Data available on-line from: https://glad.earthengine.app/view/global-forest-change. Sims, M.J., R. Stanimirova, A. Raichuk, M. Neumann, J. Richter, F. Follett, J. MacCarthy, K. Lister, C. Randle, L. Sloat, E. Esipova, J. Jupiter, C. Stanton, D. Morris, C. M. Slay, D. Purves, and N. Harris. 2025. "Global Drivers of Forest Loss at 1 Km Resolution." Environmental Research Letters 20 (7): 074027. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/add606.
What was done to it
Read loss-drivers-country-annual: WRI's table gadm__tcl__iso_change v20260424 queried through the Global Forest Watch Data API with the SQL in the file's URL (https://data-api.globalforestwatch.org/dataset/gadm__tcl__iso_change/v20260424/download/csv?sql=SELECT%20iso%2C%20wri_google_tree_cover_loss_drivers__driver%2C%20umd_tree_cover_loss__year%2C%20SUM%28umd_tree_cover_loss__ha%29%20AS%20umd_tree_cover_loss__ha%20FROM%20data%20WHERE%20umd_tree_cover_density_2000__threshold%20%3D%2030%20GROUP%20BY%20iso%2C%20wri_google_tree_cover_loss_drivers__driver%2C%20umd_tree_cover_loss__year%20ORDER%20BY%20iso%2C%20wri_google_tree_cover_loss_drivers__driver%2C%20umd_tree_cover_loss__year), at a tree canopy cover in 2000 of at least 30 percent. Hectares as in the file, not rounded.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/nature/gfw_tree_cover_loss.py · code sha256 15a82e1f48690b7a… · inputs 79b791bcb241… 2e9dfe9bb94e…
A country and year with no row in the file has no loss recorded for it; nothing is filled in.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/nature/gfw_tree_cover_loss.py · code sha256 15a82e1f48690b7a… · inputs 79b791bcb241… 2e9dfe9bb94e…
Driver classes as WRI names them; "Hard commodities" is labelled "Mining and energy (hard commodities)" and "Settlements & Infrastructure" "Settlements and infrastructure". Each 1 km cell's loss is assigned to its one dominant driver (WRI/Google DeepMind, Sims et al. 2025).
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/nature/gfw_tree_cover_loss.py · code sha256 15a82e1f48690b7a… · inputs 79b791bcb241… 2e9dfe9bb94e…
World: the sum of every row of the file by year and driver, including the codes left out below. Checked that the drivers add up to loss-global-annual in every year, to within 0.01 ha.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/nature/gfw_tree_cover_loss.py · code sha256 15a82e1f48690b7a… · inputs 79b791bcb241… 2e9dfe9bb94e…
Not published as countries: GADM codes with no entity in our table (XAD 80 ha; Z01 4,365 ha; Z06 555 ha; Z07 164,532 ha, all years together). Their loss is included in the world totals.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/nature/gfw_tree_cover_loss.py · code sha256 15a82e1f48690b7a… · inputs 79b791bcb241… 2e9dfe9bb94e…
What it covers
- Geography
- Countries and territories (GADM's country codes, mapped to ISO 3166-1) and the world, which also includes areas GADM codes separately (XAD, Z01, Z06, Z07).
- Basis
- Tree cover loss: stand-replacing disturbance, or the complete removal of tree cover canopy, of vegetation taller than 5 m, mapped each year from Landsat at 30 m (Hansen/UMD, Global Forest Change v1.13), where tree canopy cover was at least 30 percent in 2000. Loss is not deforestation: it includes plantation harvest, fire and natural disturbance, and regrowth is not subtracted. Method changes from 2011 and 2015 make early and late years less comparable. Drivers: the dominant driver of loss in each 1 km cell, 2001–2025, from a model trained on labelled samples (WRI/Google DeepMind, Sims et al. 2025). WRI counts permanent agriculture, hard commodities and settlements and infrastructure as permanent conversion to another land use; the other drivers are usually followed by regrowth.
- Unit
- hectares (ha)