Data

On-farm methane and nitrous oxide per kilogram of farm product, from animals, manure, fertiliser and rice fields (14 products)

Methane and nitrous oxide emitted on farms per kilogram of each of 14 farm products, each year since 1961, for the world and each country, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent, as published by FAO (the product's farm emissions divided by its production). The kilogram is FAO's production weight: carcass weight for meat (FAO's items are meat 'with the bone'), raw whole milk, eggs in shell and harvested cereals. It is not a kilogram of boneless meat or of food as bought, so these values are not comparable with retail or life-cycle figures per kilogram of food. Counts only emissions on the farm from: methane from animals' digestion (enteric fermentation) and from manure management; nitrous oxide from manure management, from manure applied to soils and from manure left on pasture; and, for rice and other cereals, nitrous oxide from crop residues and from synthetic fertiliser, methane and nitrous oxide from burning crop residues, plus methane from flooded rice paddies. Not counted: energy used on farms, drained organic (peat) soils, savanna fires, clearing land (land-use change), and everything before and after the farm (making fertiliser and feed, processing, packaging, transport, retail, cooking and waste). Only 14 products: meat of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens; raw milk of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels; hen eggs; rice; and other cereals together. Soy, palm oil, fruit, vegetables, sugar, pulses, fish and other farm animals are not covered, so the products do not add up to food's emissions. These are farm-gate values, not life-cycle footprints: FAO says they should not be compared with life-cycle assessment figures. Where a country produces little of a product the value can be very large, and where FAO gives no production figure there is no value. FAO's split of sheep, goat, buffalo and camel emissions between meat and milk makes 72 meat values negative in the February 2026 release, most of them in Mali and Bhutan, down to about -854 kilograms per kilogram for goat meat in Mali in 2010. They are published as printed.

Latest value

30.43kg CO₂e/kg

Countries and territories, and the world, 2023. Version 2026-02-20.

On-farm methane and nitrous oxide per kilogram of farm product, from animals, manure, fertiliser and rice fields (14 products) (kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram produced (carcass weight for meat, raw whole milk, eggs in shell))

882 values from 1961 to 2023. Lines: Beef, Rice, Cow's milk, Cereals other than rice, Buffalo meat.

Show as a table

On-farm methane and nitrous oxide per kilogram of farm product, from animals, manure, fertiliser and rice fields (14 products), every value
Period	Farm product	Value (kg CO₂e/kg)	Status
1961	Beef	44.83	final
1962	Beef	43.56	final
1963	Beef	41.98	final
1964	Beef	42.31	final
1965	Beef	42.73	final
1966	Beef	41.43	final
1967	Beef	40.54	final
1968	Beef	39.31	final
1969	Beef	38.49	final
1970	Beef	38.70	final
1971	Beef	39.69	final
1972	Beef	40.32	final
1973	Beef	41.06	final
1974	Beef	39.32	final
1975	Beef	38.42	final
1976	Beef	36.82	final
1977	Beef	36.53	final
1978	Beef	35.93	final
1979	Beef	36.78	final
1980	Beef	37.26	final
1981	Beef	37.26	final
1982	Beef	37.68	final
1983	Beef	36.83	final
1984	Beef	36.15	final
1985	Beef	35.70	final
1986	Beef	34.65	final
1987	Beef	34.67	final
1988	Beef	34.55	final
1989	Beef	34.90	final
1990	Beef	34.12	final
1991	Beef	34.48	final
1992	Beef	35.09	final
1993	Beef	35.64	final
1994	Beef	36.03	final
1995	Beef	35.75	final
1996	Beef	35.11	final
1997	Beef	33.71	final
1998	Beef	33.94	final
1999	Beef	33.19	final
2000	Beef	33.17	final
2001	Beef	33.31	final
2002	Beef	33.07	final
2003	Beef	32.87	final
2004	Beef	32.31	final
2005	Beef	32.39	final
2006	Beef	31.95	final
2007	Beef	31.07	final
2008	Beef	31.24	final
2009	Beef	30.67	final
2010	Beef	30.65	final
2011	Beef	30.76	final
2012	Beef	30.71	final
2013	Beef	30.32	final
2014	Beef	30.31	final
2015	Beef	30.88	final
2016	Beef	31.12	final
2017	Beef	30.87	final
2018	Beef	30.22	final
2019	Beef	30.05	final
2020	Beef	30.59	final
2021	Beef	30.64	final
2022	Beef	30.54	final
2023	Beef	30.43	final
1961	Rice	2.38	final
1962	Rice	2.35	final
1963	Rice	2.16	final
1964	Rice	2.11	final
1965	Rice	2.18	final
1966	Rice	2.16	final
1967	Rice	2.05	final
1968	Rice	2.00	final
1969	Rice	1.98	final
1970	Rice	1.87	final
1971	Rice	1.90	final
1972	Rice	1.93	final
1973	Rice	1.83	final
1974	Rice	1.86	final
1975	Rice	1.78	final
1976	Rice	1.83	final
1977	Rice	1.74	final
1978	Rice	1.67	final
1979	Rice	1.69	final
1980	Rice	1.63	final
1981	Rice	1.59	final
1982	Rice	1.51	final
1983	Rice	1.43	final
1984	Rice	1.39	final
1985	Rice	1.38	final
1986	Rice	1.38	final
1987	Rice	1.38	final
1988	Rice	1.35	final
1989	Rice	1.30	final
1990	Rice	1.28	final
1991	Rice	1.27	final
1992	Rice	1.26	final
1993	Rice	1.25	final
1994	Rice	1.24	final
1995	Rice	1.24	final
1996	Rice	1.21	final
1997	Rice	1.20	final
1998	Rice	1.19	final
1999	Rice	1.17	final
2000	Rice	1.17	final
2001	Rice	1.15	final
2002	Rice	1.18	final
2003	Rice	1.15	final
2004	Rice	1.14	final
2005	Rice	1.11	final
2006	Rice	1.10	final
2007	Rice	1.08	final
2008	Rice	1.06	final
2009	Rice	1.06	final
2010	Rice	1.06	final
2011	Rice	1.02	final
2012	Rice	1.01	final
2013	Rice	1.01	final
2014	Rice	1.00	final
2015	Rice	0.99	final
2016	Rice	1.00	final
2017	Rice	0.98	final
2018	Rice	0.97	final
2019	Rice	0.96	final
2020	Rice	0.96	final
2021	Rice	0.95	final
2022	Rice	0.95	final
2023	Rice	0.94	final
1961	Cow's milk	1.99	final
1962	Cow's milk	1.97	final
1963	Cow's milk	1.99	final
1964	Cow's milk	1.94	final
1965	Cow's milk	1.85	final
1966	Cow's milk	1.85	final
1967	Cow's milk	1.80	final
1968	Cow's milk	1.77	final
1969	Cow's milk	1.77	final
1970	Cow's milk	1.73	final
1971	Cow's milk	1.73	final
1972	Cow's milk	1.70	final
1973	Cow's milk	1.67	final
1974	Cow's milk	1.66	final
1975	Cow's milk	1.67	final
1976	Cow's milk	1.65	final
1977	Cow's milk	1.62	final
1978	Cow's milk	1.61	final
1979	Cow's milk	1.61	final
1980	Cow's milk	1.61	final
1981	Cow's milk	1.61	final
1982	Cow's milk	1.59	final
1983	Cow's milk	1.54	final
1984	Cow's milk	1.53	final
1985	Cow's milk	1.51	final
1986	Cow's milk	1.49	final
1987	Cow's milk	1.48	final
1988	Cow's milk	1.45	final
1989	Cow's milk	1.44	final
1990	Cow's milk	1.43	final
1991	Cow's milk	1.44	final
1992	Cow's milk	1.43	final
1993	Cow's milk	1.42	final
1994	Cow's milk	1.42	final
1995	Cow's milk	1.41	final
1996	Cow's milk	1.38	final
1997	Cow's milk	1.37	final
1998	Cow's milk	1.34	final
1999	Cow's milk	1.31	final
2000	Cow's milk	1.29	final
2001	Cow's milk	1.28	final
2002	Cow's milk	1.25	final
2003	Cow's milk	1.25	final
2004	Cow's milk	1.24	final
2005	Cow's milk	1.21	final
2006	Cow's milk	1.19	final
2007	Cow's milk	1.19	final
2008	Cow's milk	1.17	final
2009	Cow's milk	1.19	final
2010	Cow's milk	1.17	final
2011	Cow's milk	1.15	final
2012	Cow's milk	1.13	final
2013	Cow's milk	1.12	final
2014	Cow's milk	1.10	final
2015	Cow's milk	1.06	final
2016	Cow's milk	1.07	final
2017	Cow's milk	1.03	final
2018	Cow's milk	1.00	final
2019	Cow's milk	0.98	final
2020	Cow's milk	0.96	final
2021	Cow's milk	0.95	final
2022	Cow's milk	0.95	final
2023	Cow's milk	0.95	final
1961	Cereals other than rice	0.14	final
1962	Cereals other than rice	0.14	final
1963	Cereals other than rice	0.14	final
1964	Cereals other than rice	0.14	final
1965	Cereals other than rice	0.15	final
1966	Cereals other than rice	0.15	final
1967	Cereals other than rice	0.15	final
1968	Cereals other than rice	0.16	final
1969	Cereals other than rice	0.16	final
1970	Cereals other than rice	0.17	final
1971	Cereals other than rice	0.16	final
1972	Cereals other than rice	0.17	final
1973	Cereals other than rice	0.17	final
1974	Cereals other than rice	0.17	final
1975	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
1976	Cereals other than rice	0.17	final
1977	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
1978	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
1979	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
1980	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1981	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
1982	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
1983	Cereals other than rice	0.21	final
1984	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1985	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
1986	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1987	Cereals other than rice	0.21	final
1988	Cereals other than rice	0.22	final
1989	Cereals other than rice	0.21	final
1990	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1991	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1992	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
1993	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1994	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
1995	Cereals other than rice	0.21	final
1996	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1997	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1998	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
1999	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2000	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2001	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2002	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2003	Cereals other than rice	0.21	final
2004	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
2005	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2006	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2007	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2008	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
2009	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
2010	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2011	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2012	Cereals other than rice	0.20	final
2013	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
2014	Cereals other than rice	0.19	final
2015	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2016	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2017	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2018	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2019	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2020	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2021	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2022	Cereals other than rice	0.18	final
2023	Cereals other than rice	0.17	final
1961	Buffalo meat	125.98	final
1962	Buffalo meat	123.42	final
1963	Buffalo meat	122.09	final
1964	Buffalo meat	123.71	final
1965	Buffalo meat	122.68	final
1966	Buffalo meat	128.30	final
1967	Buffalo meat	129.60	final
1968	Buffalo meat	129.87	final
1969	Buffalo meat	130.21	final
1970	Buffalo meat	128.17	final
1971	Buffalo meat	125.36	final
1972	Buffalo meat	124.44	final
1973	Buffalo meat	120.80	final
1974	Buffalo meat	119.65	final
1975	Buffalo meat	118.94	final
1976	Buffalo meat	116.30	final
1977	Buffalo meat	115.69	final
1978	Buffalo meat	117.17	final
1979	Buffalo meat	114.75	final
1980	Buffalo meat	113.75	final
1981	Buffalo meat	110.63	final
1982	Buffalo meat	105.63	final
1983	Buffalo meat	106.17	final
1984	Buffalo meat	103.26	final
1985	Buffalo meat	100.72	final
1986	Buffalo meat	98.92	final
1987	Buffalo meat	98.12	final
1988	Buffalo meat	94.52	final
1989	Buffalo meat	94.28	final
1990	Buffalo meat	93.53	final
1991	Buffalo meat	79.39	final
1992	Buffalo meat	84.22	final
1993	Buffalo meat	98.07	final
1994	Buffalo meat	91.78	final
1995	Buffalo meat	87.41	final
1996	Buffalo meat	101.71	final
1997	Buffalo meat	86.04	final
1998	Buffalo meat	78.86	final
1999	Buffalo meat	72.41	final
2000	Buffalo meat	70.77	final
2001	Buffalo meat	68.10	final
2002	Buffalo meat	64.29	final
2003	Buffalo meat	62.46	final
2004	Buffalo meat	58.84	final
2005	Buffalo meat	57.86	final
2006	Buffalo meat	53.72	final
2007	Buffalo meat	52.78	final
2008	Buffalo meat	50.82	final
2009	Buffalo meat	50.69	final
2010	Buffalo meat	47.83	final
2011	Buffalo meat	45.93	final
2012	Buffalo meat	44.34	final
2013	Buffalo meat	41.97	final
2014	Buffalo meat	40.66	final
2015	Buffalo meat	39.54	final
2016	Buffalo meat	38.90	final
2017	Buffalo meat	38.19	final
2018	Buffalo meat	37.27	final
2019	Buffalo meat	37.24	final
2020	Buffalo meat	41.20	final
2021	Buffalo meat	38.48	final
2022	Buffalo meat	37.44	final
2023	Buffalo meat	36.66	final
1961	Lamb and mutton	49.10	final
1962	Lamb and mutton	48.39	final
1963	Lamb and mutton	48.44	final
1964	Lamb and mutton	49.21	final
1965	Lamb and mutton	49.71	final
1966	Lamb and mutton	49.22	final
1967	Lamb and mutton	48.67	final
1968	Lamb and mutton	47.87	final
1969	Lamb and mutton	48.81	final
1970	Lamb and mutton	46.54	final
1971	Lamb and mutton	45.96	final
1972	Lamb and mutton	44.39	final
1973	Lamb and mutton	44.98	final
1974	Lamb and mutton	47.78	final
1975	Lamb and mutton	47.12	final
1976	Lamb and mutton	46.73	final
1977	Lamb and mutton	45.53	final
1978	Lamb and mutton	45.23	final
1979	Lamb and mutton	46.26	final
1980	Lamb and mutton	45.23	final
1981	Lamb and mutton	43.89	final
1982	Lamb and mutton	44.53	final
1983	Lamb and mutton	42.70	final
1984	Lamb and mutton	42.74	final
1985	Lamb and mutton	42.01	final
1986	Lamb and mutton	42.38	final
1987	Lamb and mutton	42.00	final
1988	Lamb and mutton	40.77	final
1989	Lamb and mutton	40.78	final
1990	Lamb and mutton	39.69	final
1991	Lamb and mutton	39.32	final
1992	Lamb and mutton	37.10	final
1993	Lamb and mutton	35.36	final
1994	Lamb and mutton	34.06	final
1995	Lamb and mutton	32.75	final
1996	Lamb and mutton	32.70	final
1997	Lamb and mutton	31.17	final
1998	Lamb and mutton	30.07	final
1999	Lamb and mutton	29.99	final
2000	Lamb and mutton	29.35	final
2001	Lamb and mutton	27.72	final
2002	Lamb and mutton	27.88	final
2003	Lamb and mutton	27.67	final
2004	Lamb and mutton	27.99	final
2005	Lamb and mutton	27.83	final
2006	Lamb and mutton	27.08	final
2007	Lamb and mutton	26.10	final
2008	Lamb and mutton	25.77	final
2009	Lamb and mutton	25.28	final
2010	Lamb and mutton	24.13	final
2011	Lamb and mutton	24.30	final
2012	Lamb and mutton	24.79	final
2013	Lamb and mutton	24.89	final
2014	Lamb and mutton	23.97	final
2015	Lamb and mutton	23.86	final
2016	Lamb and mutton	23.55	final
2017	Lamb and mutton	23.78	final
2018	Lamb and mutton	23.51	final
2019	Lamb and mutton	23.30	final
2020	Lamb and mutton	23.24	final
2021	Lamb and mutton	23.35	final
2022	Lamb and mutton	22.98	final
2023	Lamb and mutton	22.21	final
1961	Goat meat	58.74	final
1962	Goat meat	60.70	final
1963	Goat meat	62.25	final
1964	Goat meat	60.89	final
1965	Goat meat	58.87	final
1966	Goat meat	57.59	final
1967	Goat meat	57.07	final
1968	Goat meat	57.02	final
1969	Goat meat	55.72	final
1970	Goat meat	54.83	final
1971	Goat meat	54.12	final
1972	Goat meat	53.55	final
1973	Goat meat	52.48	final
1974	Goat meat	52.39	final
1975	Goat meat	51.41	final
1976	Goat meat	52.05	final
1977	Goat meat	50.99	final
1978	Goat meat	50.49	final
1979	Goat meat	51.59	final
1980	Goat meat	51.72	final
1981	Goat meat	50.94	final
1982	Goat meat	49.82	final
1983	Goat meat	48.60	final
1984	Goat meat	46.23	final
1985	Goat meat	44.83	final
1986	Goat meat	44.22	final
1987	Goat meat	42.82	final
1988	Goat meat	42.96	final
1989	Goat meat	42.90	final
1990	Goat meat	41.24	final
1991	Goat meat	42.25	final
1992	Goat meat	41.21	final
1993	Goat meat	40.04	final
1994	Goat meat	40.32	final
1995	Goat meat	39.10	final
1996	Goat meat	43.55	final
1997	Goat meat	39.81	final
1998	Goat meat	38.49	final
1999	Goat meat	37.23	final
2000	Goat meat	37.29	final
2001	Goat meat	35.67	final
2002	Goat meat	34.69	final
2003	Goat meat	33.66	final
2004	Goat meat	33.29	final
2005	Goat meat	32.86	final
2006	Goat meat	32.90	final
2007	Goat meat	32.68	final
2008	Goat meat	33.07	final
2009	Goat meat	32.40	final
2010	Goat meat	30.39	final
2011	Goat meat	30.55	final
2012	Goat meat	30.95	final
2013	Goat meat	31.64	final
2014	Goat meat	31.00	final
2015	Goat meat	30.76	final
2016	Goat meat	30.67	final
2017	Goat meat	30.72	final
2018	Goat meat	30.64	final
2019	Goat meat	30.48	final
2020	Goat meat	30.46	final
2021	Goat meat	29.78	final
2022	Goat meat	29.41	final
2023	Goat meat	28.71	final
1961	Pork	3.96	final
1962	Pork	3.97	final
1963	Pork	3.81	final
1964	Pork	3.73	final
1965	Pork	3.59	final
1966	Pork	3.47	final
1967	Pork	3.54	final
1968	Pork	3.51	final
1969	Pork	3.53	final
1970	Pork	3.43	final
1971	Pork	3.50	final
1972	Pork	3.55	final
1973	Pork	3.60	final
1974	Pork	3.47	final
1975	Pork	3.48	final
1976	Pork	3.48	final
1977	Pork	3.46	final
1978	Pork	3.39	final
1979	Pork	3.21	final
1980	Pork	3.19	final
1981	Pork	3.12	final
1982	Pork	3.07	final
1983	Pork	2.94	final
1984	Pork	2.90	final
1985	Pork	2.78	final
1986	Pork	2.83	final
1987	Pork	2.73	final
1988	Pork	2.60	final
1989	Pork	2.58	final
1990	Pork	2.52	final
1991	Pork	2.53	final
1992	Pork	2.45	final
1993	Pork	2.38	final
1994	Pork	2.29	final
1995	Pork	2.17	final
1996	Pork	2.31	final
1997	Pork	2.10	final
1998	Pork	2.02	final
1999	Pork	2.00	final
2000	Pork	2.03	final
2001	Pork	1.99	final
2002	Pork	1.96	final
2003	Pork	1.93	final
2004	Pork	1.90	final
2005	Pork	1.88	final
2006	Pork	1.88	final
2007	Pork	1.91	final
2008	Pork	1.86	final
2009	Pork	1.85	final
2010	Pork	1.81	final
2011	Pork	1.80	final
2012	Pork	1.76	final
2013	Pork	1.72	final
2014	Pork	1.71	final
2015	Pork	1.69	final
2016	Pork	1.70	final
2017	Pork	1.69	final
2018	Pork	1.66	final
2019	Pork	1.70	final
2020	Pork	1.82	final
2021	Pork	1.67	final
2022	Pork	1.64	final
2023	Pork	1.60	final
1961	Buffalo milk	2.11	final
1962	Buffalo milk	2.09	final
1963	Buffalo milk	2.07	final
1964	Buffalo milk	2.07	final
1965	Buffalo milk	2.07	final
1966	Buffalo milk	2.06	final
1967	Buffalo milk	2.12	final
1968	Buffalo milk	2.09	final
1969	Buffalo milk	2.08	final
1970	Buffalo milk	2.15	final
1971	Buffalo milk	2.18	final
1972	Buffalo milk	2.17	final
1973	Buffalo milk	2.15	final
1974	Buffalo milk	2.09	final
1975	Buffalo milk	2.04	final
1976	Buffalo milk	2.03	final
1977	Buffalo milk	2.03	final
1978	Buffalo milk	1.93	final
1979	Buffalo milk	1.94	final
1980	Buffalo milk	1.99	final
1981	Buffalo milk	1.95	final
1982	Buffalo milk	1.91	final
1983	Buffalo milk	1.79	final
1984	Buffalo milk	1.80	final
1985	Buffalo milk	1.76	final
1986	Buffalo milk	1.79	final
1987	Buffalo milk	1.81	final
1988	Buffalo milk	1.79	final
1989	Buffalo milk	1.78	final
1990	Buffalo milk	1.75	final
1991	Buffalo milk	1.85	final
1992	Buffalo milk	1.70	final
1993	Buffalo milk	1.65	final
1994	Buffalo milk	1.61	final
1995	Buffalo milk	1.52	final
1996	Buffalo milk	1.48	final
1997	Buffalo milk	1.45	final
1998	Buffalo milk	1.44	final
1999	Buffalo milk	1.39	final
2000	Buffalo milk	1.37	final
2001	Buffalo milk	1.36	final
2002	Buffalo milk	1.35	final
2003	Buffalo milk	1.31	final
2004	Buffalo milk	1.30	final
2005	Buffalo milk	1.29	final
2006	Buffalo milk	1.27	final
2007	Buffalo milk	1.27	final
2008	Buffalo milk	1.26	final
2009	Buffalo milk	1.19	final
2010	Buffalo milk	1.18	final
2011	Buffalo milk	1.16	final
2012	Buffalo milk	1.15	final
2013	Buffalo milk	1.13	final
2014	Buffalo milk	1.07	final
2015	Buffalo milk	1.09	final
2016	Buffalo milk	1.08	final
2017	Buffalo milk	1.04	final
2018	Buffalo milk	1.02	final
2019	Buffalo milk	1.00	final
2020	Buffalo milk	0.99	final
2021	Buffalo milk	0.98	final
2022	Buffalo milk	0.97	final
2023	Buffalo milk	0.97	final
1961	Chicken	0.92	final
1962	Chicken	0.93	final
1963	Chicken	0.92	final
1964	Chicken	0.90	final
1965	Chicken	0.85	final
1966	Chicken	0.80	final
1967	Chicken	0.81	final
1968	Chicken	0.80	final
1969	Chicken	0.77	final
1970	Chicken	0.73	final
1971	Chicken	0.73	final
1972	Chicken	0.71	final
1973	Chicken	0.70	final
1974	Chicken	0.69	final
1975	Chicken	0.69	final
1976	Chicken	0.66	final
1977	Chicken	0.65	final
1978	Chicken	0.67	final
1979	Chicken	0.67	final
1980	Chicken	0.68	final
1981	Chicken	0.68	final
1982	Chicken	0.68	final
1983	Chicken	0.69	final
1984	Chicken	0.71	final
1985	Chicken	0.70	final
1986	Chicken	0.71	final
1987	Chicken	0.71	final
1988	Chicken	0.71	final
1989	Chicken	0.73	final
1990	Chicken	0.72	final
1991	Chicken	0.68	final
1992	Chicken	0.68	final
1993	Chicken	0.68	final
1994	Chicken	0.67	final
1995	Chicken	0.65	final
1996	Chicken	0.67	final
1997	Chicken	0.66	final
1998	Chicken	0.56	final
1999	Chicken	0.56	final
2000	Chicken	0.57	final
2001	Chicken	0.57	final
2002	Chicken	0.60	final
2003	Chicken	0.59	final
2004	Chicken	0.59	final
2005	Chicken	0.58	final
2006	Chicken	0.58	final
2007	Chicken	0.57	final
2008	Chicken	0.57	final
2009	Chicken	0.59	final
2010	Chicken	0.57	final
2011	Chicken	0.54	final
2012	Chicken	0.53	final
2013	Chicken	0.53	final
2014	Chicken	0.52	final
2015	Chicken	0.52	final
2016	Chicken	0.52	final
2017	Chicken	0.57	final
2018	Chicken	0.56	final
2019	Chicken	0.55	final
2020	Chicken	0.55	final
2021	Chicken	0.53	final
2022	Chicken	0.54	final
2023	Chicken	0.54	final
1961	Sheep's milk	6.32	final
1962	Sheep's milk	6.34	final
1963	Sheep's milk	6.16	final
1964	Sheep's milk	6.13	final
1965	Sheep's milk	5.98	final
1966	Sheep's milk	5.89	final
1967	Sheep's milk	6.16	final
1968	Sheep's milk	6.38	final
1969	Sheep's milk	6.31	final
1970	Sheep's milk	6.35	final
1971	Sheep's milk	6.31	final
1972	Sheep's milk	6.19	final
1973	Sheep's milk	6.18	final
1974	Sheep's milk	6.15	final
1975	Sheep's milk	6.14	final
1976	Sheep's milk	6.07	final
1977	Sheep's milk	5.98	final
1978	Sheep's milk	5.92	final
1979	Sheep's milk	5.86	final
1980	Sheep's milk	5.99	final
1981	Sheep's milk	5.77	final
1982	Sheep's milk	5.73	final
1983	Sheep's milk	5.74	final
1984	Sheep's milk	6.02	final
1985	Sheep's milk	5.85	final
1986	Sheep's milk	5.76	final
1987	Sheep's milk	5.72	final
1988	Sheep's milk	5.65	final
1989	Sheep's milk	5.74	final
1990	Sheep's milk	5.77	final
1991	Sheep's milk	5.96	final
1992	Sheep's milk	6.07	final
1993	Sheep's milk	6.10	final
1994	Sheep's milk	6.01	final
1995	Sheep's milk	6.00	final
1996	Sheep's milk	5.95	final
1997	Sheep's milk	6.00	final
1998	Sheep's milk	6.04	final
1999	Sheep's milk	6.10	final
2000	Sheep's milk	6.23	final
2001	Sheep's milk	6.02	final
2002	Sheep's milk	6.11	final
2003	Sheep's milk	5.80	final
2004	Sheep's milk	5.70	final
2005	Sheep's milk	5.72	final
2006	Sheep's milk	5.65	final
2007	Sheep's milk	5.74	final
2008	Sheep's milk	5.74	final
2009	Sheep's milk	5.68	final
2010	Sheep's milk	6.04	final
2011	Sheep's milk	6.16	final
2012	Sheep's milk	6.02	final
2013	Sheep's milk	5.75	final
2014	Sheep's milk	5.70	final
2015	Sheep's milk	5.68	final
2016	Sheep's milk	5.75	final
2017	Sheep's milk	5.59	final
2018	Sheep's milk	5.70	final
2019	Sheep's milk	5.74	final
2020	Sheep's milk	5.72	final
2021	Sheep's milk	5.72	final
2022	Sheep's milk	5.71	final
2023	Sheep's milk	5.75	final
1961	Goat's milk	2.49	final
1962	Goat's milk	2.54	final
1963	Goat's milk	2.50	final
1964	Goat's milk	2.52	final
1965	Goat's milk	2.58	final
1966	Goat's milk	2.56	final
1967	Goat's milk	2.62	final
1968	Goat's milk	2.70	final
1969	Goat's milk	2.73	final
1970	Goat's milk	2.76	final
1971	Goat's milk	2.80	final
1972	Goat's milk	2.79	final
1973	Goat's milk	2.79	final
1974	Goat's milk	2.81	final
1975	Goat's milk	2.85	final
1976	Goat's milk	2.84	final
1977	Goat's milk	2.82	final
1978	Goat's milk	2.85	final
1979	Goat's milk	2.83	final
1980	Goat's milk	2.82	final
1981	Goat's milk	2.80	final
1982	Goat's milk	2.79	final
1983	Goat's milk	2.77	final
1984	Goat's milk	2.80	final
1985	Goat's milk	2.83	final
1986	Goat's milk	2.89	final
1987	Goat's milk	2.90	final
1988	Goat's milk	2.90	final
1989	Goat's milk	2.94	final
1990	Goat's milk	2.91	final
1991	Goat's milk	2.97	final
1992	Goat's milk	2.82	final
1993	Goat's milk	2.78	final
1994	Goat's milk	2.82	final
1995	Goat's milk	2.86	final
1996	Goat's milk	2.81	final
1997	Goat's milk	2.84	final
1998	Goat's milk	2.79	final
1999	Goat's milk	2.93	final
2000	Goat's milk	2.87	final
2001	Goat's milk	2.77	final
2002	Goat's milk	2.76	final
2003	Goat's milk	2.71	final
2004	Goat's milk	2.68	final
2005	Goat's milk	2.68	final
2006	Goat's milk	2.65	final
2007	Goat's milk	2.54	final
2008	Goat's milk	2.53	final
2009	Goat's milk	2.56	final
2010	Goat's milk	3.00	final
2011	Goat's milk	3.02	final
2012	Goat's milk	2.85	final
2013	Goat's milk	2.56	final
2014	Goat's milk	2.54	final
2015	Goat's milk	2.57	final
2016	Goat's milk	2.54	final
2017	Goat's milk	2.46	final
2018	Goat's milk	2.50	final
2019	Goat's milk	2.62	final
2020	Goat's milk	2.53	final
2021	Goat's milk	2.52	final
2022	Goat's milk	2.47	final
2023	Goat's milk	2.45	final
1961	Eggs	1.15	final
1962	Eggs	1.15	final
1963	Eggs	1.13	final
1964	Eggs	1.10	final
1965	Eggs	1.11	final
1966	Eggs	1.13	final
1967	Eggs	1.12	final
1968	Eggs	1.12	final
1969	Eggs	1.10	final
1970	Eggs	1.11	final
1971	Eggs	1.11	final
1972	Eggs	1.09	final
1973	Eggs	1.09	final
1974	Eggs	1.08	final
1975	Eggs	1.06	final
1976	Eggs	1.07	final
1977	Eggs	1.03	final
1978	Eggs	0.93	final
1979	Eggs	0.92	final
1980	Eggs	0.90	final
1981	Eggs	0.88	final
1982	Eggs	0.87	final
1983	Eggs	0.86	final
1984	Eggs	0.85	final
1985	Eggs	0.83	final
1986	Eggs	0.81	final
1987	Eggs	0.81	final
1988	Eggs	0.78	final
1989	Eggs	0.78	final
1990	Eggs	0.77	final
1991	Eggs	0.74	final
1992	Eggs	0.70	final
1993	Eggs	0.68	final
1994	Eggs	0.67	final
1995	Eggs	0.65	final
1996	Eggs	0.64	final
1997	Eggs	0.63	final
1998	Eggs	0.63	final
1999	Eggs	0.62	final
2000	Eggs	0.62	final
2001	Eggs	0.62	final
2002	Eggs	0.62	final
2003	Eggs	0.63	final
2004	Eggs	0.64	final
2005	Eggs	0.64	final
2006	Eggs	0.64	final
2007	Eggs	0.64	final
2008	Eggs	0.63	final
2009	Eggs	0.63	final
2010	Eggs	0.63	final
2011	Eggs	0.63	final
2012	Eggs	0.63	final
2013	Eggs	0.62	final
2014	Eggs	0.62	final
2015	Eggs	0.61	final
2016	Eggs	0.60	final
2017	Eggs	0.58	final
2018	Eggs	0.55	final
2019	Eggs	0.55	final
2020	Eggs	0.57	final
2021	Eggs	0.54	final
2022	Eggs	0.54	final
2023	Eggs	0.54	final
1961	Camel's milk	4.73	final
1962	Camel's milk	4.72	final
1963	Camel's milk	4.67	final
1964	Camel's milk	4.65	final
1965	Camel's milk	4.63	final
1966	Camel's milk	4.66	final
1967	Camel's milk	4.59	final
1968	Camel's milk	4.57	final
1969	Camel's milk	4.58	final
1970	Camel's milk	4.24	final
1971	Camel's milk	4.23	final
1972	Camel's milk	4.22	final
1973	Camel's milk	4.17	final
1974	Camel's milk	4.15	final
1975	Camel's milk	4.13	final
1976	Camel's milk	4.04	final
1977	Camel's milk	4.02	final
1978	Camel's milk	4.02	final
1979	Camel's milk	3.97	final
1980	Camel's milk	3.96	final
1981	Camel's milk	4.02	final
1982	Camel's milk	4.04	final
1983	Camel's milk	4.03	final
1984	Camel's milk	3.90	final
1985	Camel's milk	3.94	final
1986	Camel's milk	3.96	final
1987	Camel's milk	4.02	final
1988	Camel's milk	4.01	final
1989	Camel's milk	4.05	final
1990	Camel's milk	3.99	final
1991	Camel's milk	4.09	final
1992	Camel's milk	4.09	final
1993	Camel's milk	4.12	final
1994	Camel's milk	3.99	final
1995	Camel's milk	3.92	final
1996	Camel's milk	3.93	final
1997	Camel's milk	3.93	final
1998	Camel's milk	3.90	final
1999	Camel's milk	3.03	final
2000	Camel's milk	2.98	final
2001	Camel's milk	2.95	final
2002	Camel's milk	2.95	final
2003	Camel's milk	2.80	final
2004	Camel's milk	2.78	final
2005	Camel's milk	2.85	final
2006	Camel's milk	2.92	final
2007	Camel's milk	2.68	final
2008	Camel's milk	2.57	final
2009	Camel's milk	2.70	final
2010	Camel's milk	2.60	final
2011	Camel's milk	2.75	final
2012	Camel's milk	3.40	final
2013	Camel's milk	3.38	final
2014	Camel's milk	3.52	final
2015	Camel's milk	3.45	final
2016	Camel's milk	3.50	final
2017	Camel's milk	3.39	final
2018	Camel's milk	3.47	final
2019	Camel's milk	3.47	final
2020	Camel's milk	3.45	final
2021	Camel's milk	3.44	final
2022	Camel's milk	3.49	final
2023	Camel's milk	3.45	final

FAO. 2026. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. CC BY 4.0 (FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use).

Where it comes from

Producer: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT agrifood emissions, livestock emissions, emissions intensities, land use and food loss
Version: 2026-02-20
File: https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Environment_Emissions_intensities_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip
Fetched: 2026-10-05 (automatically), 3,640,396 bytes
Fingerprint: sha256 1c2991089fec6bd5e762a290e5f78eb018739b700cb253620faa161f3a21e7e7ETag "35b5bf70d1fa8cf6d73beff11a963236" · Last-Modified Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:00:03 GMT
Copies: No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer: FAO. 2026. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

Producer: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT agrifood emissions, livestock emissions, emissions intensities, land use and food loss
Version: 2026-02-20
File: https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/datasets_E.json
Fetched: 2026-10-05 (automatically), 109,120 bytes
Fingerprint: sha256 008f475c971a7770c69b1bc48f1c3a5fa8bf3873e762d6e1e9516bb0a700ebdaETag W/"157c9ec8e5eea09a02497cc10f67bcdb" · Last-Modified Mon, 05 Oct 2026 12:49:35 GMT
Copies: No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer: FAO. 2026. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

What was done to it

Read Environment_Emissions_intensities_E_All_Data_(Normalized).csv from FAOSTAT's EI bulk zip. The vintage is the domain's DateUpdate, 20 February 2026, from FAOSTAT's bulk-download catalogue (datasets_E.json), whose entry names this zip and gives FileRows 409,511, the number of data rows in this file. The zip was last modified on the server on Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:00:03 GMT. FAO's methodological note for this domain (release October 2025) says its emissions come from FAOSTAT's Emissions from crops and Emissions from livestock domains and its production from FAOSTAT Production (QCL).
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_commodity_emissions.py · code sha256 9a5d1496e68aed60… · inputs 1c2991089fec… 008f475c971a…
Kept the rows of element "Emissions intensity" (code 71761, unit "kg CO2eq/kg") for the 14 items of the file, matched by Item Code, 1961–2023.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_commodity_emissions.py · code sha256 9a5d1496e68aed60… · inputs 1c2991089fec… 008f475c971a…
Left out former states and territories reported only before their dissolution, with no entity here (Belgium-Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia PDR, Sudan (former), USSR, Yugoslav SFR); FAO regional and analytical groups (Africa, Americas, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Caribbean, Central America, Central Asia, China, Eastern Africa, Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, Europe, Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs), Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), Melanesia, Micronesia, Middle Africa, Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs), Northern Africa, Northern America, Northern Europe, OECD, Oceania, Polynesia, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), South America, South-eastern Asia, Southern Africa, Southern Asia, Southern Europe, Western Africa, Western Asia, Western Europe); the European Union (27), a region (only the world and countries and territories are published). Their values are never re-assigned to other entities.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_commodity_emissions.py · code sha256 9a5d1496e68aed60… · inputs 1c2991089fec… 008f475c971a…
72 published values are below zero (buffalo-meat, goat-meat, sheep-meat; AUT, BTN, ISR, LTU, MLI, PSE), from FAO's split of sheep, goat, buffalo and camel emissions between meat and milk by the share of animals milked; the lowest is MLI goat-meat 2010 (-854.2702 kg CO2eq/kg). Published as printed.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_commodity_emissions.py · code sha256 9a5d1496e68aed60… · inputs 1c2991089fec… 008f475c971a…
Published the intensities as printed, in kilograms of CO₂-equivalent per kilogram produced (FAOSTAT production: carcass weight for meat, raw whole milk, eggs in shell, harvested cereals). 5,239 product-years of the published areas have an emissions row but no intensity row in the file (no production figure); they are absent here, not filled.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_commodity_emissions.py · code sha256 9a5d1496e68aed60… · inputs 1c2991089fec… 008f475c971a…
Every value used carries FAO's flag E, which the file's codebook defines as "Estimated value".
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_commodity_emissions.py · code sha256 9a5d1496e68aed60… · inputs 1c2991089fec… 008f475c971a…
Labelled FAO's items in plain words: "Meat of cattle with the bone, fresh or chilled" as "Beef"; "Raw milk of cattle" as "Cow's milk"; "Cereals excluding rice" as "Cereals other than rice"; "Meat of buffalo, fresh or chilled" as "Buffalo meat"; "Meat of sheep, fresh or chilled" as "Lamb and mutton"; "Meat of goat, fresh or chilled" as "Goat meat"; "Meat of pig with the bone, fresh or chilled" as "Pork"; "Raw milk of buffalo" as "Buffalo milk"; "Meat of chickens, fresh or chilled" as "Chicken"; "Raw milk of sheep" as "Sheep's milk"; "Raw milk of goats" as "Goat's milk"; "Hen eggs in shell, fresh" as "Eggs"; "Raw milk of camel" as "Camel's milk". Only the names shown differ; every value is FAO's item of that name.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_commodity_emissions.py · code sha256 9a5d1496e68aed60… · inputs 1c2991089fec… 008f475c971a…

What it covers

Geography: Countries and territories, and the world
Gases combined with: AR5-GWP100
Land use, land-use change and forestry: excluded
Basis: FAOSTAT Emissions intensities (EI). FAO assigns each kind of animal to a product: non-dairy cattle to cattle meat, dairy cattle to cattle milk, all pigs to pig meat, broilers to chicken meat and laying hens to eggs; sheep, goat, buffalo and camel emissions are split between meat and milk by the share of animals milked, which gives some negative meat values, published as printed (the processing steps count them). Synthetic fertiliser is shared among crops by FAO's 1995-2000 fertiliser use by crop. Milk is raw milk, not corrected for fat and protein, and products are compared by weight, not by protein or energy. FAO TIER 1 estimates (IPCC 2006 Guidelines), not country inventory submissions. The products do not add up to any FAO total and overlap FAO's farm-gate process items (for example rice includes rice's share of fertiliser), so they are never stacked with them.
Unit: kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram produced (carcass weight for meat, raw whole milk, eggs in shell) (kg CO₂e/kg)