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Data

Primary energy consumption by fuel

Energy each country and the world use each year since 1980, by fuel: coal, natural gas, oil and other liquids, nuclear, and renewables and other sources, as accounted for by the US Energy Information Administration.

Latest value

179.65quad Btu

Countries and territories, and the world, 2024. Version Sep 2026.

Primary energy consumption by fuel (quadrillion British thermal units)

225 values from 1980 to 2024. Lines: Coal, Natural gas, Petroleum and other liquids, Nuclear, Renewables and other.
Show as a table
Primary energy consumption by fuel, every value
PeriodFuelValue (quad Btu)Status
1980Coal78.85final
1981Coal79.17final
1982Coal80.57final
1983Coal82.71final
1984Coal86.47final
1985Coal89.51final
1986Coal90.51final
1987Coal94.07final
1988Coal96.86final
1989Coal96.95final
1990Coal95.85final
1991Coal92.69final
1992Coal90.38final
1993Coal90.38final
1994Coal90.79final
1995Coal93.40final
1996Coal95.46final
1997Coal93.94final
1998Coal93.37final
1999Coal93.77final
2000Coal98.67final
2001Coal99.75final
2002Coal102.19final
2003Coal110.62final
2004Coal120.25final
2005Coal128.34final
2006Coal135.54final
2007Coal142.13final
2008Coal144.54final
2009Coal145.53final
2010Coal157.74final
2011Coal166.30final
2012Coal171.40final
2013Coal173.62final
2014Coal172.57final
2015Coal168.62final
2016Coal164.19final
2017Coal162.69final
2018Coal166.12final
2019Coal168.70final
2020Coal162.92final
2021Coal168.14final
2022Coal169.97final
2023Coal175.10final
2024Coal179.65final
1980Natural gas53.87final
1981Natural gas53.90final
1982Natural gas54.06final
1983Natural gas55.15final
1984Natural gas60.84final
1985Natural gas63.37final
1986Natural gas64.22final
1987Natural gas67.56final
1988Natural gas71.01final
1989Natural gas74.23final
1990Natural gas75.12final
1991Natural gas76.73final
1992Natural gas77.11final
1993Natural gas79.11final
1994Natural gas79.00final
1995Natural gas81.32final
1996Natural gas83.20final
1997Natural gas83.70final
1998Natural gas84.37final
1999Natural gas86.52final
2000Natural gas89.60final
2001Natural gas89.93final
2002Natural gas94.06final
2003Natural gas96.79final
2004Natural gas99.79final
2005Natural gas102.61final
2006Natural gas106.31final
2007Natural gas109.72final
2008Natural gas112.87final
2009Natural gas109.15final
2010Natural gas119.42final
2011Natural gas122.99final
2012Natural gas125.80final
2013Natural gas127.65final
2014Natural gas128.15final
2015Natural gas130.05final
2016Natural gas132.70final
2017Natural gas136.76final
2018Natural gas143.83final
2019Natural gas146.10final
2020Natural gas144.78final
2021Natural gas151.73final
2022Natural gas150.24final
2023Natural gas152.09final
2024Natural gas155.45final
1980Petroleum and other liquids132.06final
1981Petroleum and other liquids126.81final
1982Petroleum and other liquids123.92final
1983Petroleum and other liquids122.22final
1984Petroleum and other liquids123.42final
1985Petroleum and other liquids123.47final
1986Petroleum and other liquids127.01final
1987Petroleum and other liquids129.27final
1988Petroleum and other liquids133.45final
1989Petroleum and other liquids135.04final
1990Petroleum and other liquids136.07final
1991Petroleum and other liquids136.36final
1992Petroleum and other liquids137.26final
1993Petroleum and other liquids136.07final
1994Petroleum and other liquids138.78final
1995Petroleum and other liquids141.55final
1996Petroleum and other liquids145.98final
1997Petroleum and other liquids148.05final
1998Petroleum and other liquids149.79final
1999Petroleum and other liquids152.99final
2000Petroleum and other liquids156.59final
2001Petroleum and other liquids157.78final
2002Petroleum and other liquids159.28final
2003Petroleum and other liquids162.70final
2004Petroleum and other liquids169.50final
2005Petroleum and other liquids171.61final
2006Petroleum and other liquids173.96final
2007Petroleum and other liquids176.96final
2008Petroleum and other liquids176.07final
2009Petroleum and other liquids172.70final
2010Petroleum and other liquids179.10final
2011Petroleum and other liquids180.69final
2012Petroleum and other liquids182.86final
2013Petroleum and other liquids185.36final
2014Petroleum and other liquids188.03final
2015Petroleum and other liquids189.29final
2016Petroleum and other liquids194.85final
2017Petroleum and other liquids195.83final
2018Petroleum and other liquids196.07final
2019Petroleum and other liquids197.13final
2020Petroleum and other liquids179.68final
2021Petroleum and other liquids191.15final
2022Petroleum and other liquids195.63final
2023Petroleum and other liquids199.35final
2024Petroleum and other liquids201.32final
1980Nuclear7.58final
1981Nuclear8.53final
1982Nuclear9.51final
1983Nuclear10.73final
1984Nuclear13.01final
1985Nuclear15.31final
1986Nuclear16.26final
1987Nuclear17.66final
1988Nuclear19.24final
1989Nuclear19.75final
1990Nuclear20.37final
1991Nuclear21.20final
1992Nuclear21.29final
1993Nuclear22.02final
1994Nuclear22.42final
1995Nuclear23.27final
1996Nuclear24.12final
1997Nuclear23.89final
1998Nuclear24.32final
1999Nuclear25.10final
2000Nuclear25.67final
2001Nuclear26.40final
2002Nuclear26.69final
2003Nuclear26.31final
2004Nuclear27.27final
2005Nuclear27.32final
2006Nuclear27.69final
2007Nuclear27.18final
2008Nuclear27.07final
2009Nuclear26.71final
2010Nuclear27.44final
2011Nuclear26.29final
2012Nuclear24.54final
2013Nuclear24.70final
2014Nuclear25.28final
2015Nuclear25.55final
2016Nuclear25.95final
2017Nuclear26.24final
2018Nuclear26.78final
2019Nuclear27.88final
2020Nuclear26.93final
2021Nuclear28.00final
2022Nuclear26.89final
2023Nuclear27.51final
2024Nuclear28.39final
1980Renewables and other8.59final
1981Renewables and other8.71final
1982Renewables and other9.01final
1983Renewables and other9.52final
1984Renewables and other9.81final
1985Renewables and other9.91final
1986Renewables and other10.04final
1987Renewables and other9.95final
1988Renewables and other10.41final
1989Renewables and other10.73final
1990Renewables and other10.64final
1991Renewables and other10.90final
1992Renewables and other11.07final
1993Renewables and other11.53final
1994Renewables and other11.66final
1995Renewables and other12.20final
1996Renewables and other12.47final
1997Renewables and other12.71final
1998Renewables and other12.63final
1999Renewables and other12.90final
2000Renewables and other13.14final
2001Renewables and other12.78final
2002Renewables and other13.13final
2003Renewables and other13.40final
2004Renewables and other14.28final
2005Renewables and other15.16final
2006Renewables and other15.92final
2007Renewables and other16.55final
2008Renewables and other17.76final
2009Renewables and other18.62final
2010Renewables and other20.53final
2011Renewables and other21.44final
2012Renewables and other22.54final
2013Renewables and other24.22final
2014Renewables and other25.41final
2015Renewables and other26.15final
2016Renewables and other27.69final
2017Renewables and other29.09final
2018Renewables and other30.78final
2019Renewables and other32.09final
2020Renewables and other33.36final
2021Renewables and other35.35final
2022Renewables and other37.91final
2023Renewables and other39.40final
2024Renewables and other42.66final
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Sep 2026). Public domain (work of the US federal government).

Where it comes from

Producer
U.S. Energy Information Administration · International energy data
Version
Sep 2026
File
https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 24,153,479 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 9251a5920ebe70448fc7af522c4f938dc9e1f4728aca2928ecc814ca9f216ea9ETag "80a6e6761c53dd1:0" · Last-Modified Sat, 03 Oct 2026 09:49:21 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Sep 2026).
Producer
U.S. Energy Information Administration · International energy data
Version
Sep 2026
File
https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/manifest.txt
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 28,398 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 1e1d2b9f467bc5032ffe87dd0ff1ab8a3a223d27d0f777fc0a4710cf95cdf372ETag "044131b054dd1:0" · Last-Modified Mon, 05 Oct 2026 09:58:00 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Sep 2026).

What was done to it

  1. Read INTL.txt from EIA's bulk file INTL.zip. EIA's bulk manifest gives the INTL release as last updated 30 September 2026 and names this zip as its file, so the vintage is 'Sep 2026'. The zip was last modified on the server on Sat, 03 Oct 2026 09:49:21 GMT.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/energy/eia_international.py · code sha256 6e68eab86d8f8c96… · inputs 9251a5920ebe… 1e1d2b9f467b…

  2. Kept the annual consumption series in quadrillion Btu: total energy consumption and its five fuels (coal, natural gas, petroleum and other liquids, nuclear, renewables and other), checking each series' name and units. Kept the World and the 220 countries and territories in pipeline/geo/entities.csv, matched by EIA's ISO 3 code (EIA's XKS is Kosovo, KOS, and its SCG, Former Serbia and Montenegro, is Serbia and Montenegro as reported together, SRB_MNE); EIA's regional aggregates are left out, and so are these geographies, which have no entity in the crosswalk: Former Czechoslovakia; Former U.S.S.R.; Former Yugoslavia; Germany, East; Germany, West; Hawaiian Trade Zone; Netherlands Antilles; U.S. Pacific Islands; U.S. Territories; Wake Island.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/energy/eia_international.py · code sha256 6e68eab86d8f8c96… · inputs 9251a5920ebe… 1e1d2b9f467b…

  3. Checked EIA's accounting method against its own generation series: for every country other than the United States, the energy content of hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and tide and wave electricity is 3,412 Btu per kilowatt-hour, the captured-energy approach (11,140 country-years checked). Not on that basis in this file: USA: 72 values, e.g. solar 2023 3676, solar 2024 3622 Btu per kWh. World nuclear consumption is 10,379 Btu per kilowatt-hour of nuclear generation in 2024, the heat input of the plants.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/energy/eia_international.py · code sha256 6e68eab86d8f8c96… · inputs 9251a5920ebe… 1e1d2b9f467b…

  4. Where EIA's total differs from the sum of its five fuel series, both are published as given. Entities where they differ in this vintage: USA, WLD (World 2024: total minus the sum is -1.442 quad Btu).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/energy/eia_international.py · code sha256 6e68eab86d8f8c96… · inputs 9251a5920ebe… 1e1d2b9f467b…

  5. EIA's codes '--', 'NA' and 'ie' (which the file does not define) are null values whose reason quotes the code.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/energy/eia_international.py · code sha256 6e68eab86d8f8c96… · inputs 9251a5920ebe… 1e1d2b9f467b…

  6. Published EIA's values for the five fuels as given.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/energy/eia_international.py · code sha256 6e68eab86d8f8c96… · inputs 9251a5920ebe… 1e1d2b9f467b…

What it covers

Geography
Countries and territories, and the world
Basis
Primary energy consumption as EIA accounts for it: fossil fuels at their heat content; electricity from hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and tide and wave power at its own energy content, 3,412 Btu per kilowatt-hour (the captured-energy approach; EIA's United States series depart from it for solar and geothermal); nuclear at the heat input of the plants. Not comparable with totals from the Energy Institute or the IEA, which count non-combustible electricity differently. 'Renewables and other' is EIA's own category and can be negative.
Unit
quadrillion British thermal units (quad Btu)