Data
Territorial and consumption-based fossil carbon dioxide emissions by country
Each country's fossil carbon dioxide emissions counted two ways since 1990: where they are released (territorial), and where the goods and services they went into are finally consumed (consumption-based). Where consumption-based emissions are higher, the country's imports carried more emissions than its exports.
Latest value
38,598.6Mt CO₂/yr
Countries and territories, the European Union (27), international aviation, international shipping and the world, 2024. Version 2025 v1.0.
Territorial and consumption-based fossil carbon dioxide emissions by country (million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year)
Show as a table
| Period | Accounting | Value (Mt CO₂/yr) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 22,732.1 | final |
| 1991 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 23,205.6 | final |
| 1992 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 22,520.4 | final |
| 1993 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 22,749.9 | final |
| 1994 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 22,974.6 | final |
| 1995 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 23,516.6 | final |
| 1996 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 24,233.5 | final |
| 1997 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 24,380.3 | final |
| 1998 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 24,295.7 | final |
| 1999 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 24,837.8 | final |
| 2000 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 25,511.5 | final |
| 2001 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 25,693.0 | final |
| 2002 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 26,265.3 | final |
| 2003 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 27,652.7 | final |
| 2004 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 28,610.0 | final |
| 2005 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 29,599.0 | final |
| 2006 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 30,594.2 | final |
| 2007 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 31,499.3 | final |
| 2008 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 32,049.7 | final |
| 2009 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 31,513.0 | final |
| 2010 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 33,317.7 | final |
| 2011 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 34,480.0 | final |
| 2012 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 34,954.7 | final |
| 2013 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 35,275.8 | final |
| 2014 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 35,465.7 | final |
| 2015 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 35,403.5 | final |
| 2016 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 35,392.8 | final |
| 2017 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 35,974.6 | final |
| 2018 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 36,734.0 | final |
| 2019 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 37,086.6 | final |
| 2020 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 35,158.2 | final |
| 2021 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 36,866.9 | final |
| 2022 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 37,527.8 | final |
| 2023 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 38,094.0 | final |
| 2024 | Territorial (where the emissions are released) | 38,598.6 | final |
| 1990 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 22,732.1 | final |
| 1991 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 23,205.6 | final |
| 1992 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 22,520.4 | final |
| 1993 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 22,749.9 | final |
| 1994 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 22,974.6 | final |
| 1995 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 23,516.6 | final |
| 1996 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 24,233.5 | final |
| 1997 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 24,380.3 | final |
| 1998 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 24,295.7 | final |
| 1999 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 24,837.8 | final |
| 2000 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 25,511.5 | final |
| 2001 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 25,693.0 | final |
| 2002 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 26,265.3 | final |
| 2003 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 27,652.7 | final |
| 2004 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 28,610.0 | final |
| 2005 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 29,599.0 | final |
| 2006 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 30,594.2 | final |
| 2007 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 31,499.3 | final |
| 2008 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 32,049.7 | final |
| 2009 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 31,513.0 | final |
| 2010 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 33,317.7 | final |
| 2011 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 34,480.0 | final |
| 2012 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 34,954.7 | final |
| 2013 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 35,275.8 | final |
| 2014 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 35,465.7 | final |
| 2015 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 35,403.5 | final |
| 2016 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 35,392.8 | final |
| 2017 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 35,974.6 | final |
| 2018 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 36,734.0 | final |
| 2019 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 37,086.6 | final |
| 2020 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 35,158.2 | final |
| 2021 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 36,866.9 | final |
| 2022 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 37,527.8 | final |
| 2023 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 38,094.0 | final |
| 2024 | Consumption-based (where the goods and services are consumed) | 38,598.6 | final |
Notes on individual values
- The file's column header reads 'FRANCE (INCLUDING MONACO)'.
- The file's column header reads 'ITALY (INCLUDING SAN MARINO)'.
Where it comes from
- Producer
- Global Carbon Project · Global Carbon Budget 2025: national fossil and land-use change carbon dioxide emissions
- Version
- 2025 v1.0
- Fetched
- 2026-10-04 (automatically), 755,198 bytes
- Fingerprint
- sha256 968097cacb1a6a5bfa0cf74ee90763f74a90ef10499e060ab43d1a74c671d46bETag "7fa1d19e36d91d6d" · Last-Modified Sun, 17 May 2026 16:50:59 GMT
- Copies
- No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
- Cite the producer
- Global Carbon Project. (2026). Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2025
What was done to it
Read the sheets 'Territorial Emissions' and 'Consumption Emissions' of National_Fossil_Carbon_Emissions_2025_v1.0.xlsx (Global Carbon Budget 2025 v1.0, ICOS object loCXyssaalv6DPdO6Qdj90qQ), in million tonnes of carbon per year, and kept the years of the consumption sheet, 1990–2024.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_national.py · code sha256 b2048d4a16c8112c… · inputs 968097cacb1a…
Mapped column names to entity codes by the entity table's names and an explicit alias table; left out the producer's regions (Kyoto Protocol Annex B and non-Annex B, OECD and non-OECD, and eight continental regions) and the statistical difference column. EU27 is kept after checking that the Regions sheet lists exactly the 27 member states.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_national.py · code sha256 b2048d4a16c8112c… · inputs 968097cacb1a…
Converted from million tonnes of carbon to million tonnes of carbon dioxide by multiplying by 3.664, the factor the sheets state ("multiply the values below by 3.664"), with exact decimal arithmetic on the stored values.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_national.py · code sha256 b2048d4a16c8112c… · inputs 968097cacb1a…
Cells left empty in the file are not published and are never read as zero.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_national.py · code sha256 b2048d4a16c8112c… · inputs 968097cacb1a…
What it covers
- Geography
- Countries and territories, the European Union (27), international aviation, international shipping and the world
- Land use, land-use change and forestry
- excluded
- Basis
- Carbon dioxide only, from fossil fuels and cement production, before the cement carbonation sink is subtracted (gross). National values exclude international aviation and shipping bunker fuels, which are separate entities; the world value includes them. Consumption-based accounting follows Peters et al. (2011).
- Unit
- million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year (Mt CO₂/yr)