Data
Global carbon dioxide budget: emissions and where they go
Each year since 1959, the carbon dioxide released by fossil fuels and industry and by land-use change, and where it went: growth in the atmosphere, uptake by the ocean, by land ecosystems and by cement as it ages (the cement carbonation sink). The budget imbalance is what the estimates of emissions and sinks do not account for.
Latest value
38.60Gt CO₂/yr
World, 2024. Version 2025 v1.0.
Global carbon dioxide budget: emissions and where they go (billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year)
Global carbon dioxide budget: emissions and where they go (billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year)
Show as a table
| Period | Budget component | Value (Gt CO₂/yr) | Range | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 8.86 | 8.41 to 9.30 | final |
| 1960 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 9.39 | 8.92 to 9.86 | final |
| 1961 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 9.41 | 8.94 to 9.89 | final |
| 1962 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 9.75 | 9.26 to 10.23 | final |
| 1963 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 10.27 | 9.75 to 10.78 | final |
| 1964 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 10.82 | 10.28 to 11.37 | final |
| 1965 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 11.31 | 10.75 to 11.88 | final |
| 1966 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 11.86 | 11.27 to 12.46 | final |
| 1967 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 12.24 | 11.63 to 12.85 | final |
| 1968 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 12.91 | 12.26 to 13.55 | final |
| 1969 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 13.76 | 13.07 to 14.45 | final |
| 1970 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 14.90 | 14.15 to 15.64 | final |
| 1971 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 15.50 | 14.73 to 16.28 | final |
| 1972 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 16.22 | 15.41 to 17.04 | final |
| 1973 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 17.08 | 16.22 to 17.93 | final |
| 1974 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 17.00 | 16.15 to 17.85 | final |
| 1975 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 16.99 | 16.14 to 17.84 | final |
| 1976 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 17.86 | 16.97 to 18.76 | final |
| 1977 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 18.36 | 17.44 to 19.28 | final |
| 1978 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 19.02 | 18.07 to 19.98 | final |
| 1979 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 19.51 | 18.53 to 20.48 | final |
| 1980 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 19.41 | 18.44 to 20.38 | final |
| 1981 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 18.88 | 17.94 to 19.82 | final |
| 1982 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 18.73 | 17.79 to 19.67 | final |
| 1983 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 18.90 | 17.96 to 19.85 | final |
| 1984 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 19.46 | 18.48 to 20.43 | final |
| 1985 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 20.14 | 19.14 to 21.15 | final |
| 1986 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 20.44 | 19.42 to 21.46 | final |
| 1987 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 21.11 | 20.05 to 22.16 | final |
| 1988 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 21.92 | 20.82 to 23.01 | final |
| 1989 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 22.20 | 21.09 to 23.31 | final |
| 1990 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 22.73 | 21.60 to 23.87 | final |
| 1991 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 23.21 | 22.05 to 24.37 | final |
| 1992 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 22.52 | 21.39 to 23.65 | final |
| 1993 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 22.75 | 21.61 to 23.89 | final |
| 1994 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 22.97 | 21.83 to 24.12 | final |
| 1995 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 23.52 | 22.34 to 24.69 | final |
| 1996 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 24.23 | 23.02 to 25.45 | final |
| 1997 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 24.38 | 23.16 to 25.60 | final |
| 1998 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 24.30 | 23.08 to 25.51 | final |
| 1999 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 24.84 | 23.60 to 26.08 | final |
| 2000 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 25.51 | 24.24 to 26.79 | final |
| 2001 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 25.69 | 24.41 to 26.98 | final |
| 2002 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 26.27 | 24.95 to 27.58 | final |
| 2003 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 27.65 | 26.27 to 29.04 | final |
| 2004 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 28.61 | 27.18 to 30.04 | final |
| 2005 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 29.60 | 28.12 to 31.08 | final |
| 2006 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 30.59 | 29.06 to 32.12 | final |
| 2007 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 31.50 | 29.92 to 33.07 | final |
| 2008 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 32.05 | 30.45 to 33.65 | final |
| 2009 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 31.51 | 29.94 to 33.09 | final |
| 2010 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 33.32 | 31.65 to 34.98 | final |
| 2011 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 34.48 | 32.76 to 36.20 | final |
| 2012 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 34.95 | 33.21 to 36.70 | final |
| 2013 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 35.28 | 33.51 to 37.04 | final |
| 2014 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 35.47 | 33.69 to 37.24 | final |
| 2015 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 35.40 | 33.63 to 37.17 | final |
| 2016 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 35.39 | 33.62 to 37.16 | final |
| 2017 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 35.97 | 34.18 to 37.77 | final |
| 2018 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 36.73 | 34.90 to 38.57 | final |
| 2019 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 37.09 | 35.23 to 38.94 | final |
| 2020 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 35.16 | 33.40 to 36.92 | final |
| 2021 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 36.87 | 35.02 to 38.71 | final |
| 2022 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 37.53 | 35.65 to 39.40 | final |
| 2023 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 38.09 | 36.19 to 40.00 | final |
| 2024 | Fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink) | 38.60 | 36.67 to 40.53 | final |
| 1959 | Land-use change | 8.69 | 6.13 to 11.26 | final |
| 1960 | Land-use change | 7.61 | 5.05 to 10.18 | final |
| 1961 | Land-use change | 7.63 | 5.07 to 10.19 | final |
| 1962 | Land-use change | 7.14 | 4.57 to 9.70 | final |
| 1963 | Land-use change | 6.95 | 4.39 to 9.52 | final |
| 1964 | Land-use change | 6.66 | 4.10 to 9.22 | final |
| 1965 | Land-use change | 6.39 | 3.82 to 8.95 | final |
| 1966 | Land-use change | 5.92 | 3.35 to 8.48 | final |
| 1967 | Land-use change | 6.25 | 3.69 to 8.82 | final |
| 1968 | Land-use change | 6.33 | 3.76 to 8.89 | final |
| 1969 | Land-use change | 6.94 | 4.38 to 9.51 | final |
| 1970 | Land-use change | 6.69 | 4.12 to 9.25 | final |
| 1971 | Land-use change | 6.14 | 3.57 to 8.70 | final |
| 1972 | Land-use change | 6.44 | 3.87 to 9.00 | final |
| 1973 | Land-use change | 6.25 | 3.69 to 8.82 | final |
| 1974 | Land-use change | 6.31 | 3.75 to 8.88 | final |
| 1975 | Land-use change | 6.12 | 3.56 to 8.69 | final |
| 1976 | Land-use change | 6.06 | 3.50 to 8.63 | final |
| 1977 | Land-use change | 6.62 | 4.06 to 9.18 | final |
| 1978 | Land-use change | 6.56 | 4.00 to 9.13 | final |
| 1979 | Land-use change | 5.86 | 3.29 to 8.42 | final |
| 1980 | Land-use change | 6.00 | 3.44 to 8.57 | final |
| 1981 | Land-use change | 5.84 | 3.27 to 8.40 | final |
| 1982 | Land-use change | 5.53 | 2.97 to 8.10 | final |
| 1983 | Land-use change | 5.84 | 3.28 to 8.40 | final |
| 1984 | Land-use change | 6.42 | 3.86 to 8.99 | final |
| 1985 | Land-use change | 6.79 | 4.22 to 9.35 | final |
| 1986 | Land-use change | 6.94 | 4.38 to 9.51 | final |
| 1987 | Land-use change | 6.50 | 3.93 to 9.06 | final |
| 1988 | Land-use change | 6.16 | 3.59 to 8.72 | final |
| 1989 | Land-use change | 5.98 | 3.42 to 8.55 | final |
| 1990 | Land-use change | 5.83 | 3.26 to 8.39 | final |
| 1991 | Land-use change | 5.72 | 3.16 to 8.29 | final |
| 1992 | Land-use change | 5.97 | 3.40 to 8.53 | final |
| 1993 | Land-use change | 5.73 | 3.17 to 8.30 | final |
| 1994 | Land-use change | 6.67 | 4.10 to 9.23 | final |
| 1995 | Land-use change | 6.28 | 3.71 to 8.84 | final |
| 1996 | Land-use change | 6.54 | 3.98 to 9.11 | final |
| 1997 | Land-use change | 8.02 | 5.45 to 10.58 | final |
| 1998 | Land-use change | 6.79 | 4.23 to 9.36 | final |
| 1999 | Land-use change | 6.56 | 4.00 to 9.13 | final |
| 2000 | Land-use change | 6.15 | 3.58 to 8.71 | final |
| 2001 | Land-use change | 5.46 | 2.90 to 8.03 | final |
| 2002 | Land-use change | 6.09 | 3.53 to 8.66 | final |
| 2003 | Land-use change | 7.32 | 4.76 to 9.89 | final |
| 2004 | Land-use change | 6.44 | 3.88 to 9.01 | final |
| 2005 | Land-use change | 5.93 | 3.37 to 8.50 | final |
| 2006 | Land-use change | 6.03 | 3.47 to 8.60 | final |
| 2007 | Land-use change | 5.59 | 3.03 to 8.16 | final |
| 2008 | Land-use change | 5.95 | 3.39 to 8.52 | final |
| 2009 | Land-use change | 6.53 | 3.97 to 9.10 | final |
| 2010 | Land-use change | 6.52 | 3.95 to 9.08 | final |
| 2011 | Land-use change | 6.39 | 3.83 to 8.96 | final |
| 2012 | Land-use change | 6.68 | 4.12 to 9.25 | final |
| 2013 | Land-use change | 6.32 | 3.75 to 8.88 | final |
| 2014 | Land-use change | 6.41 | 3.85 to 8.97 | final |
| 2015 | Land-use change | 6.51 | 3.95 to 9.08 | final |
| 2016 | Land-use change | 5.38 | 2.81 to 7.94 | final |
| 2017 | Land-use change | 5.31 | 2.74 to 7.87 | final |
| 2018 | Land-use change | 4.88 | 2.32 to 7.45 | final |
| 2019 | Land-use change | 4.89 | 2.32 to 7.45 | final |
| 2020 | Land-use change | 4.52 | 1.95 to 7.08 | final |
| 2021 | Land-use change | 4.66 | 2.09 to 7.22 | final |
| 2022 | Land-use change | 4.79 | 2.22 to 7.35 | final |
| 2023 | Land-use change | 4.75 | 2.18 to 7.31 | final |
| 2024 | Land-use change | 4.59 | 2.02 to 7.15 | final |
| 1959 | Growth in the atmosphere | 7.47 | final | |
| 1960 | Growth in the atmosphere | 5.53 | final | |
| 1961 | Growth in the atmosphere | 6.07 | final | |
| 1962 | Growth in the atmosphere | 4.36 | final | |
| 1963 | Growth in the atmosphere | 4.44 | final | |
| 1964 | Growth in the atmosphere | 3.81 | final | |
| 1965 | Growth in the atmosphere | 8.56 | final | |
| 1966 | Growth in the atmosphere | 8.56 | final | |
| 1967 | Growth in the atmosphere | 4.75 | final | |
| 1968 | Growth in the atmosphere | 7.70 | final | |
| 1969 | Growth in the atmosphere | 10.27 | final | |
| 1970 | Growth in the atmosphere | 8.79 | final | |
| 1971 | Growth in the atmosphere | 5.68 | final | |
| 1972 | Growth in the atmosphere | 11.44 | final | |
| 1973 | Growth in the atmosphere | 11.36 | final | |
| 1974 | Growth in the atmosphere | 5.29 | final | |
| 1975 | Growth in the atmosphere | 9.57 | final | |
| 1976 | Growth in the atmosphere | 7.55 | final | |
| 1977 | Growth in the atmosphere | 14.94 | final | |
| 1978 | Growth in the atmosphere | 10.04 | final | |
| 1979 | Growth in the atmosphere | 16.65 | final | |
| 1980 | Growth in the atmosphere | 13.07 | final | |
| 1981 | Growth in the atmosphere | 8.95 | final | |
| 1982 | Growth in the atmosphere | 7.70 | final | |
| 1983 | Growth in the atmosphere | 14.32 | final | |
| 1984 | Growth in the atmosphere | 9.57 | final | |
| 1985 | Growth in the atmosphere | 12.84 | final | |
| 1986 | Growth in the atmosphere | 7.94 | final | |
| 1987 | Growth in the atmosphere | 20.62 | final | |
| 1988 | Growth in the atmosphere | 16.89 | final | |
| 1989 | Growth in the atmosphere | 11.36 | final | |
| 1990 | Growth in the atmosphere | 9.49 | final | |
| 1991 | Growth in the atmosphere | 5.84 | final | |
| 1992 | Growth in the atmosphere | 5.60 | final | |
| 1993 | Growth in the atmosphere | 9.57 | final | |
| 1994 | Growth in the atmosphere | 12.92 | final | |
| 1995 | Growth in the atmosphere | 15.56 | final | |
| 1996 | Growth in the atmosphere | 8.17 | final | |
| 1997 | Growth in the atmosphere | 15.33 | final | |
| 1998 | Growth in the atmosphere | 22.10 | final | |
| 1999 | Growth in the atmosphere | 10.43 | final | |
| 2000 | Growth in the atmosphere | 9.73 | final | |
| 2001 | Growth in the atmosphere | 14.40 | final | |
| 2002 | Growth in the atmosphere | 18.37 | final | |
| 2003 | Growth in the atmosphere | 17.82 | final | |
| 2004 | Growth in the atmosphere | 12.14 | final | |
| 2005 | Growth in the atmosphere | 19.22 | final | |
| 2006 | Growth in the atmosphere | 13.85 | final | |
| 2007 | Growth in the atmosphere | 16.58 | final | |
| 2008 | Growth in the atmosphere | 13.77 | final | |
| 2009 | Growth in the atmosphere | 12.30 | final | |
| 2010 | Growth in the atmosphere | 18.37 | final | |
| 2011 | Growth in the atmosphere | 13.54 | final | |
| 2012 | Growth in the atmosphere | 18.76 | final | |
| 2013 | Growth in the atmosphere | 19.07 | final | |
| 2014 | Growth in the atmosphere | 15.80 | final | |
| 2015 | Growth in the atmosphere | 22.96 | final | |
| 2016 | Growth in the atmosphere | 22.10 | final | |
| 2017 | Growth in the atmosphere | 16.65 | final | |
| 2018 | Growth in the atmosphere | 18.60 | final | |
| 2019 | Growth in the atmosphere | 19.46 | final | |
| 2020 | Growth in the atmosphere | 18.13 | final | |
| 2021 | Growth in the atmosphere | 18.44 | final | |
| 2022 | Growth in the atmosphere | 17.82 | final | |
| 2023 | Growth in the atmosphere | 21.01 | final | |
| 2024 | Growth in the atmosphere | 29.03 | final | |
| 1959 | Ocean sink | 4.09 | final | |
| 1960 | Ocean sink | 3.97 | final | |
| 1961 | Ocean sink | 3.76 | final | |
| 1962 | Ocean sink | 3.92 | final | |
| 1963 | Ocean sink | 4.64 | final | |
| 1964 | Ocean sink | 5.01 | final | |
| 1965 | Ocean sink | 5.33 | final | |
| 1966 | Ocean sink | 5.04 | final | |
| 1967 | Ocean sink | 4.47 | final | |
| 1968 | Ocean sink | 4.97 | final | |
| 1969 | Ocean sink | 5.39 | final | |
| 1970 | Ocean sink | 4.94 | final | |
| 1971 | Ocean sink | 5.26 | final | |
| 1972 | Ocean sink | 6.02 | final | |
| 1973 | Ocean sink | 5.84 | final | |
| 1974 | Ocean sink | 5.62 | final | |
| 1975 | Ocean sink | 5.58 | final | |
| 1976 | Ocean sink | 6.02 | final | |
| 1977 | Ocean sink | 6.27 | final | |
| 1978 | Ocean sink | 6.24 | final | |
| 1979 | Ocean sink | 6.07 | final | |
| 1980 | Ocean sink | 7.37 | final | |
| 1981 | Ocean sink | 7.11 | final | |
| 1982 | Ocean sink | 7.43 | final | |
| 1983 | Ocean sink | 8.11 | final | |
| 1984 | Ocean sink | 7.63 | final | |
| 1985 | Ocean sink | 7.43 | final | |
| 1986 | Ocean sink | 7.50 | final | |
| 1987 | Ocean sink | 7.73 | final | |
| 1988 | Ocean sink | 7.59 | final | |
| 1989 | Ocean sink | 7.75 | final | |
| 1990 | Ocean sink | 8.07 | final | |
| 1991 | Ocean sink | 8.63 | final | |
| 1992 | Ocean sink | 9.14 | final | |
| 1993 | Ocean sink | 8.97 | final | |
| 1994 | Ocean sink | 8.41 | final | |
| 1995 | Ocean sink | 8.36 | final | |
| 1996 | Ocean sink | 8.33 | final | |
| 1997 | Ocean sink | 8.73 | final | |
| 1998 | Ocean sink | 8.95 | final | |
| 1999 | Ocean sink | 8.19 | final | |
| 2000 | Ocean sink | 8.03 | final | |
| 2001 | Ocean sink | 7.70 | final | |
| 2002 | Ocean sink | 9.12 | final | |
| 2003 | Ocean sink | 9.50 | final | |
| 2004 | Ocean sink | 9.43 | final | |
| 2005 | Ocean sink | 9.61 | final | |
| 2006 | Ocean sink | 9.97 | final | |
| 2007 | Ocean sink | 9.88 | final | |
| 2008 | Ocean sink | 9.95 | final | |
| 2009 | Ocean sink | 10.38 | final | |
| 2010 | Ocean sink | 10.38 | final | |
| 2011 | Ocean sink | 10.51 | final | |
| 2012 | Ocean sink | 10.65 | final | |
| 2013 | Ocean sink | 10.83 | final | |
| 2014 | Ocean sink | 11.29 | final | |
| 2015 | Ocean sink | 11.61 | final | |
| 2016 | Ocean sink | 12.05 | final | |
| 2017 | Ocean sink | 11.44 | final | |
| 2018 | Ocean sink | 11.78 | final | |
| 2019 | Ocean sink | 11.88 | final | |
| 2020 | Ocean sink | 11.88 | final | |
| 2021 | Ocean sink | 11.52 | final | |
| 2022 | Ocean sink | 11.43 | final | |
| 2023 | Ocean sink | 12.00 | final | |
| 2024 | Ocean sink | 12.42 | final | |
| 1959 | Land sink | 1.66 | final | |
| 1960 | Land sink | 2.69 | final | |
| 1961 | Land sink | 2.50 | final | |
| 1962 | Land sink | 4.15 | final | |
| 1963 | Land sink | 2.83 | final | |
| 1964 | Land sink | 3.61 | final | |
| 1965 | Land sink | 1.28 | final | |
| 1966 | Land sink | 4.14 | final | |
| 1967 | Land sink | 4.89 | final | |
| 1968 | Land sink | 5.87 | final | |
| 1969 | Land sink | 2.15 | final | |
| 1970 | Land sink | 2.68 | final | |
| 1971 | Land sink | 6.05 | final | |
| 1972 | Land sink | 2.96 | final | |
| 1973 | Land sink | 4.19 | final | |
| 1974 | Land sink | 10.79 | final | |
| 1975 | Land sink | 7.67 | final | |
| 1976 | Land sink | 7.94 | final | |
| 1977 | Land sink | 4.19 | final | |
| 1978 | Land sink | 7.74 | final | |
| 1979 | Land sink | 3.97 | final | |
| 1980 | Land sink | 0.91 | final | |
| 1981 | Land sink | 5.92 | final | |
| 1982 | Land sink | 4.86 | final | |
| 1983 | Land sink | 0.76 | final | |
| 1984 | Land sink | 6.90 | final | |
| 1985 | Land sink | 7.48 | final | |
| 1986 | Land sink | 7.16 | final | |
| 1987 | Land sink | 2.23 | final | |
| 1988 | Land sink | 4.98 | final | |
| 1989 | Land sink | 9.84 | final | |
| 1990 | Land sink | 6.77 | final | |
| 1991 | Land sink | 6.46 | final | |
| 1992 | Land sink | 6.17 | final | |
| 1993 | Land sink | 8.19 | final | |
| 1994 | Land sink | 4.56 | final | |
| 1995 | Land sink | 5.49 | final | |
| 1996 | Land sink | 9.17 | final | |
| 1997 | Land sink | 9.33 | final | |
| 1998 | Land sink | 5.08 | final | |
| 1999 | Land sink | 10.41 | final | |
| 2000 | Land sink | 9.97 | final | |
| 2001 | Land sink | 7.38 | final | |
| 2002 | Land sink | 3.97 | final | |
| 2003 | Land sink | 7.28 | final | |
| 2004 | Land sink | 9.22 | final | |
| 2005 | Land sink | 5.81 | final | |
| 2006 | Land sink | 9.30 | final | |
| 2007 | Land sink | 8.62 | final | |
| 2008 | Land sink | 9.58 | final | |
| 2009 | Land sink | 8.71 | final | |
| 2010 | Land sink | 9.81 | final | |
| 2011 | Land sink | 12.06 | final | |
| 2012 | Land sink | 6.76 | final | |
| 2013 | Land sink | 9.95 | final | |
| 2014 | Land sink | 11.13 | final | |
| 2015 | Land sink | 6.50 | final | |
| 2016 | Land sink | 7.27 | final | |
| 2017 | Land sink | 10.44 | final | |
| 2018 | Land sink | 10.55 | final | |
| 2019 | Land sink | 8.73 | final | |
| 2020 | Land sink | 7.70 | final | |
| 2021 | Land sink | 9.51 | final | |
| 2022 | Land sink | 11.38 | final | |
| 2023 | Land sink | 7.39 | final | |
| 2024 | Land sink | 7.12 | final | |
| 1959 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.05 | final | |
| 1960 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.05 | final | |
| 1961 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.06 | final | |
| 1962 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.06 | final | |
| 1963 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.07 | final | |
| 1964 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.07 | final | |
| 1965 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.08 | final | |
| 1966 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.08 | final | |
| 1967 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.08 | final | |
| 1968 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.09 | final | |
| 1969 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.10 | final | |
| 1970 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.10 | final | |
| 1971 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.11 | final | |
| 1972 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.11 | final | |
| 1973 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.12 | final | |
| 1974 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.13 | final | |
| 1975 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.13 | final | |
| 1976 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.14 | final | |
| 1977 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.14 | final | |
| 1978 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.15 | final | |
| 1979 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.16 | final | |
| 1980 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.16 | final | |
| 1981 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.16 | final | |
| 1982 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.16 | final | |
| 1983 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.17 | final | |
| 1984 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.17 | final | |
| 1985 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.18 | final | |
| 1986 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.18 | final | |
| 1987 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.19 | final | |
| 1988 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.20 | final | |
| 1989 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.21 | final | |
| 1990 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.21 | final | |
| 1991 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.22 | final | |
| 1992 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.23 | final | |
| 1993 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.24 | final | |
| 1994 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.25 | final | |
| 1995 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.26 | final | |
| 1996 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.27 | final | |
| 1997 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.28 | final | |
| 1998 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.29 | final | |
| 1999 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.30 | final | |
| 2000 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.31 | final | |
| 2001 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.32 | final | |
| 2002 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.33 | final | |
| 2003 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.36 | final | |
| 2004 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.38 | final | |
| 2005 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.41 | final | |
| 2006 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.44 | final | |
| 2007 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.48 | final | |
| 2008 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.50 | final | |
| 2009 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.52 | final | |
| 2010 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.56 | final | |
| 2011 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.60 | final | |
| 2012 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.63 | final | |
| 2013 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.66 | final | |
| 2014 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.69 | final | |
| 2015 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.69 | final | |
| 2016 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.70 | final | |
| 2017 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.72 | final | |
| 2018 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.73 | final | |
| 2019 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.77 | final | |
| 2020 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.78 | final | |
| 2021 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.82 | final | |
| 2022 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.81 | final | |
| 2023 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.83 | final | |
| 2024 | Cement carbonation sink | 0.82 | final | |
| 1959 | Budget imbalance | 4.28 | final | |
| 1960 | Budget imbalance | 4.76 | final | |
| 1961 | Budget imbalance | 4.66 | final | |
| 1962 | Budget imbalance | 4.40 | final | |
| 1963 | Budget imbalance | 5.25 | final | |
| 1964 | Budget imbalance | 4.98 | final | |
| 1965 | Budget imbalance | 2.45 | final | |
| 1966 | Budget imbalance | −0.04 | final | |
| 1967 | Budget imbalance | 4.29 | final | |
| 1968 | Budget imbalance | 0.59 | final | |
| 1969 | Budget imbalance | 2.80 | final | |
| 1970 | Budget imbalance | 5.08 | final | |
| 1971 | Budget imbalance | 4.54 | final | |
| 1972 | Budget imbalance | 2.13 | final | |
| 1973 | Budget imbalance | 1.82 | final | |
| 1974 | Budget imbalance | 1.48 | final | |
| 1975 | Budget imbalance | 0.16 | final | |
| 1976 | Budget imbalance | 2.29 | final | |
| 1977 | Budget imbalance | −0.57 | final | |
| 1978 | Budget imbalance | 1.42 | final | |
| 1979 | Budget imbalance | −1.48 | final | |
| 1980 | Budget imbalance | 3.90 | final | |
| 1981 | Budget imbalance | 2.58 | final | |
| 1982 | Budget imbalance | 4.10 | final | |
| 1983 | Budget imbalance | 1.38 | final | |
| 1984 | Budget imbalance | 1.60 | final | |
| 1985 | Budget imbalance | −0.99 | final | |
| 1986 | Budget imbalance | 4.61 | final | |
| 1987 | Budget imbalance | −3.17 | final | |
| 1988 | Budget imbalance | −1.59 | final | |
| 1989 | Budget imbalance | −0.99 | final | |
| 1990 | Budget imbalance | 4.01 | final | |
| 1991 | Budget imbalance | 7.78 | final | |
| 1992 | Budget imbalance | 7.35 | final | |
| 1993 | Budget imbalance | 1.52 | final | |
| 1994 | Budget imbalance | 3.51 | final | |
| 1995 | Budget imbalance | 0.12 | final | |
| 1996 | Budget imbalance | 4.83 | final | |
| 1997 | Budget imbalance | −1.27 | final | |
| 1998 | Budget imbalance | −5.32 | final | |
| 1999 | Budget imbalance | 2.08 | final | |
| 2000 | Budget imbalance | 3.63 | final | |
| 2001 | Budget imbalance | 1.36 | final | |
| 2002 | Budget imbalance | 0.57 | final | |
| 2003 | Budget imbalance | 0.02 | final | |
| 2004 | Budget imbalance | 3.87 | final | |
| 2005 | Budget imbalance | 0.48 | final | |
| 2006 | Budget imbalance | 3.06 | final | |
| 2007 | Budget imbalance | 1.54 | final | |
| 2008 | Budget imbalance | 4.20 | final | |
| 2009 | Budget imbalance | 6.14 | final | |
| 2010 | Budget imbalance | 0.72 | final | |
| 2011 | Budget imbalance | 4.16 | final | |
| 2012 | Budget imbalance | 4.84 | final | |
| 2013 | Budget imbalance | 1.09 | final | |
| 2014 | Budget imbalance | 2.97 | final | |
| 2015 | Budget imbalance | 0.15 | final | |
| 2016 | Budget imbalance | −1.35 | final | |
| 2017 | Budget imbalance | 2.03 | final | |
| 2018 | Budget imbalance | −0.04 | final | |
| 2019 | Budget imbalance | 1.14 | final | |
| 2020 | Budget imbalance | 1.18 | final | |
| 2021 | Budget imbalance | 1.23 | final | |
| 2022 | Budget imbalance | 0.87 | final | |
| 2023 | Budget imbalance | 1.60 | final | |
| 2024 | Budget imbalance | −6.20 | final |
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from Global Carbon Project data: Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0), ICOS Carbon Portal, doi:10.18160/GCP-2025, CC BY 4.0. Friedlingstein et al. (2026), Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data 18, 3211–3288, doi:10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026. Changes: converted from billion tonnes of carbon to billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (× 3.664); one-sigma ranges added for fossil and land-use change emissions from the uncertainties stated in the sheet. CC BY 4.0 (ICOS CCBY4 Data Licence).
Where it comes from
- Producer
- Global Carbon Project · Global Carbon Budget 2025: global sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
- Version
- 2025 v1.0
- Fetched
- 2026-10-04 (automatically), 480,363 bytes
- Fingerprint
- sha256 a928cf06c57576b66761d1fec8224c9a41a781eb63442afc03ba902858dd64a9ETag "d62ae19e36bfa4d1" · Last-Modified Sun, 17 May 2026 16:23:09 GMT
- Copies
- No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
- Cite the producer
- Global Carbon Project. (2026). Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2025
What was done to it
Read the sheet 'Global Carbon Budget' of Global_Carbon_Budget_2025_v1.0.xlsx (Global Carbon Budget 2025 v1.0, ICOS object qSjPBsV1drZnYdH-yCJMmkGn): one row per year 1959–2024, in billion tonnes of carbon per year. Sinks are positive numbers in the sheet and stay positive here.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…
Checked the sheet's definition of the budget imbalance on every year: fossil emissions plus land-use change emissions, minus atmospheric growth, ocean sink, land sink and cement carbonation sink, equals the imbalance column (largest difference 3.3e-14 GtC/yr). This confirms that the fossil column is before the cement carbonation sink is subtracted.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…
Converted from billion tonnes of carbon to billion tonnes of carbon dioxide by multiplying by 3.664, the factor the sheet states ("multiply the numbers below by 3.664"), with exact decimal arithmetic on the stored values.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…
Lower and upper are given for two components only, from the one-sigma uncertainties the sheet states: ±5 % of fossil emissions, and ±0.7 billion tonnes of carbon (2.5648 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide) per year for land-use change. The sheet gives the ocean sink (±0.4) and land sink (±0.5 billion tonnes of carbon per year) uncertainties only 'on average' and atmospheric growth's as 'variable', so those components and the imbalance have no range.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…
What it covers
- Geography
- World
- Land use, land-use change and forestry
- included
- Basis
- Carbon dioxide only. Fossil emissions are before the cement carbonation sink is subtracted; sinks are positive numbers. Land-use change is the average of three bookkeeping models (BLUE, OSCAR, LUCE); the ocean and land sinks are model and data-product averages.
- Unit
- billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year (Gt CO₂/yr)